bones and structures Flashcards
what happens when we don’t take care if our bones?
if we don’t take care of our bones this causes holes to form in the bone marrow which leads on the condition called osteoporosis. this causes the bones to weaken and have a higher chance of breaking.
how do we look after our bones?
the two main things that are important with taking care of our bones is maintaining a well-balanced diet and exercise regularly. this is especially important for children as it helps their bones develop and grow.
what happens to astronauts bones in space?
when astronauts are in space they lose bone mass density due to the microgravity environment of space. this results in osteoporosis or their bones to potentially decrease in size.
how many bones does the human body have?
the human skeleton consists of 206 bones and infants have 300 has there bones hasn’t fully connected to each other yet.
what are the two different types of bones?
the two different types of bones are compact and cancellous bone.
what is compact bone?
compact bone has a hard outer layer and is dense. compact bone is made up of the Haversian system also known as osteons. the Haversian system consists of inner blood vessels within the Haversian canal, this is surrounded by a layer of material called lamellae. within the lamella, there are mature bone cells that are called osteocytes. in order for them to stay alive, they need blood vessels. so the small canals called canaliculi provides connections between the blood vessels and the osteocytes.
what is cancellous (spongy ) bone?
cancellous bone is the inner part of the bone and it is and appears like a sponge. the bone contains canalicuil it connects to irregular cavities that contain bone marrow. the cavities that are next to the bars of bone is called trabeculae. trabeculae are what makes the bone strong.
what are the five types of bones?
- flat bones
- long bones
- short bones
- irregular bones
- sesamoid bones
what are long bones?
long bones are long and they are found in the arms and legs of the skeleton.
what are short bones?
short bones are cubed shaped and are found in the wrist and ankles of the human skeleton.
what are flat bones?
flat bones are often curved and can be found in our head and vital in protecting our brain.
what are irregular bones?
irregular bones are the bone’s that don’t fit in any of the other categories of bones, for example, the vertebrae.
what are the sesamoid bones?
the sesamoid bones are the bones that are embedded in the tendons.
how do bones grow?
the bones start off as cartilage and over time it gets replaced by bone with the help of calcium this process is called ossification. during this process a layer of calcium and phosphate salts start to form on the cartilage cells. eventually, the cartilage cells die, which results in small pockets which then blood vessels begin to form. then osteoblasts break down the and remove the calcium that is left over, then collagen fibres are produced. after osteoclasts break down the cartilage, the osteoclasts start to rebuild the bone matrix. the osteoclasts dissolve cancellous bone so there is more room for the bone marrow to form.
what is the bone healing process?
- body reacts to the broken bone
- blood clot beings to form within a couple of hours around the break (phagocytes remove the germs)
- soft callus is formed around the fracture made mostly out of collagen (done by chondroblasts)
- hard callus forms (osteoblasts cells create new bone)
- bone is remodelled (osteoclasts break down extra bone around the fracture).
