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Repro > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

How many pregnancies are planned?

A

Only half

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2
Q

What is most popular contraceptive method?

A

OCP

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3
Q

What is responsible for most unplanned pregnancies?

A

Lack of, or inconsistent use of contraceptive methods

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4
Q

What are some pros and cons of barrier methods of contraception?

A

STI protection, no hormones, OTC

Cons: less effective; require consistent efficient use, some have to be installed by hc provider

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5
Q

What is chemical component of spermicide? How does it work?

A

Non-9 and a delivery system. It works as a surfactant that disrupts sperm membrane

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6
Q

Describe how fertility awareness-based contraception works. What is its efficacy? What is the large downside?

A

Know when to get it in based on cycle: 6-8 days before ovulation
Efficacy ranges from 84-98%
Requires strict adherence

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7
Q

Describe the efficacy of the copper intrauterine device. What are some pros (3) and cons (1)?

A

Greater than 99% efficacy.
Pros: Works for up to 12 years and can be used as emergency contraception. It is immediately reversible
Cons: Must be inserted by healthcare provider

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8
Q

What is standard of care for permanent contraception? What is main downside for permanent sterilizing techniques?

A

Male sterilization via non-scalpel vasectomy.

Concern with sterilization is regret, which can be as high as 20% in women under 30.

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9
Q

What are methods for female sterilization? What is Essure?

A

There is surgical sterilization via ligation and cauterizing.
Essure is non-surgical tubal occlusion via micro-inserts into the proximal fallopian tubes

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10
Q

What is the Yuzpe regimen? List some pros and cons

A

Two doses of norgestrel and estrogen that can be taken up to 120 hours after contraceptive failure.
It is 75% effective at preventing pregnancy but is associated with estrogen-related effects such as nausea and vomiting.

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11
Q

What is plan B? What are the advantages?

A

It’s a single dose of levonorgestrel. It’s more effective and better tolerated than the Yuzpe regimen

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12
Q

What is Ella? How does it work?

What is its disadvantage?

A

It’s a progesterone receptor modulator that inhibits or delays ovulation. Can be used in single dose 120 hour after unprotected intercourse.

It requires a prescription

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13
Q

What are the progestin effects of oral contraceptives? (4)

A
  1. Inhibits LH surge and subsequent ovulation
  2. Thickens cervical mucus
  3. Decreases estrogen-drive cell proliferation in the endometrium
  4. Converts reproductive tissues from proliferative modes to functional modes
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14
Q

What are the estrogen effects of oral contraceptives? (4)

Gonadotropin
OVulation
Cervical mucus
Endometrium

A
  1. Inhibits FSH surge and subsequent follicle development
  2. May inhibit ovulation
  3. Thins cervical mucus
  4. Increases endometrial proliferation
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15
Q

What is MPA? How is it delivered? Why was it discontinued?

A

It’s a progrestin delivered by depot injection. It was discontinued due to irregular bleeding and spotting (menstrual changes)

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16
Q

What are the clinical effects of hormonal contraception? (6)

A 
MACHO-C
Menstrual flow
Anemia
Contraception
Hirsutism/acne
Ovarian cysts
Cancer prevention
17
Q

What are side affects of traditional oral contraceptive regimen? What are they due to?

A

Pelvic pain, headaches, breast tenderness, bloating/swelling

They are due to hormonal withdrawal during 7 day period

18
Q

What are pros/cons of contraceptive patch?

A

Efficacy comparable to OCPs

Cons: application site rxns, transient breast pain, visible on skin

19
Q

What are pros (3) and cons (2) to vaginal ring?

A

Efficacy, lower rate of bleeding, adherence is high

Requires insertion and removal. Expulsion/foreign body sensation

20
Q

What is Liletta? How long is it approved for?

A

It’s an IUD of levonorgestrel that is approved for up to 3 years.

21
Q

What is implanon/nexplanon? Why would someone use it over other IUDs?

A

It’s an IUD that provides protection for up to 3 years. It is effective immediately and provides rapid return of fertility after removal. It does not contain estrogen

22
Q

What significantly raises the risks from OCP? For what outcomes is it significantly associated with?

A

Smoking.

Death and cardiovascular mortality (2)

23
Q

What other risks are raised by OCPs? What do OCPs protect against?

A

VTE…but risk still lower than it is during pregnancy.

OCPs protect against ovarian and endometrial cancer.

Repro (29 decks)

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