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YEAR 4-GYNAECOLOGY > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is contraception?

A

Contraception refers to any method used to prevent pregnancy

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2
Q

Suggest 6 categories of contraception.

A

1-Natural
2-Barrier
3-Hormonal
4-Intrauterine
5-Sterilization
6-Emergency contraception

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3
Q

Suggest 4 types of natural contraception.

A

1-Abstinence
2-Withdrawal method
3-Fertility awareness
4-Lactational amenorrhoea

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4
Q

Complete the table regarding natural forms of contraception.

A
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5
Q

Fertility Awareness:
Monitoring and recording fertility indicators throughout the menstrual cycle can be used as form of contraception.

Suggest 2 fertility indicators which can be monitored?

A

1-Cervical secretions
2-Basal body temperature

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6
Q

Explain how lactational amenorrhoea can be used as a form of contraception.

A

-Exclusive breast feeding results in increased prolactin levels.

-Prolactin interferes with the HPG axis, and delays the return of ovulation by disrupting the gonadotrophin release.

-Resulting in amenorrhoea ( no periods) and thus cannot get pregnant.

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7
Q

For how long can lactational amenorrhoea be used as a form of contraception?

A

6 months

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8
Q

Suggest 3 types of barrier contraception?

A

1-Male condoms
2-Cervical caps
3-Female condoms

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9
Q

Complete the table for types of barrier contraception

A
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10
Q

How do barrier contraceptions act to prevent pregnancy?

A

They provide physical and sometimes a chemical barrier to sperm entering the cervix.

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11
Q

What are spermicides?

A

Chemicals which kill sperm ( often inserted into cervical caps)

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12
Q

Hormonal contraception can come in 2 forms.
Name them

A

1-Short acting
2-Long -Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)

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13
Q

Name 2 types of short acting hormonal contraception?

A
  1. Combine oral contraceptive Pill (COCP)
  2. Progestogen only pill (POP)
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14
Q

Complete this table for short acting hormonal contraceptives

A
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15
Q

What are the pros and cons for short acting hormonal contraceptives?

A
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16
Q

What are the contraindications for taking the combined oral contraceptive pill?

A
  • Uncontrolled hypertension (particularly ≥160 / ≥100)
  • Migraine with aura (risk of stroke)
  • History of VTE
  • Aged over 35 and smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day
  • Major surgery with prolonged immobility
  • Vascular disease or stroke
  • Ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy or atrial fibrillation
  • Liver cirrhosis and liver tumours
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome
17
Q

What should you check before prescribing the pill?

A
  1. Different contraceptive options, including long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)
  2. Contraindications
  3. Adverse effects
  4. Instructions for taking the pill, including missed pills
  5. Factors that will impact the efficacy (e.g. diarrhoea and vomiting)
  6. Sexually transmitted infections (this pill is not protective)
  7. Safeguarding concerns (particularly in those under 16)
18
Q

Missed pill rules

A
19
Q

Name 2 types of long acting reversible contraception (LARC)?

A
  1. Progestogen implant
  2. Progestogen injection/Depot injection
20
Q

How does the Depot injection ihibit ovulation?

A

The main action of the depot injection is to inhibit ovulation. It does this by inhibiting FSH secretion by the pituitary gland, preventing the development of follicles in the ovaries.

21
Q

Fill out this table regarding long acting hormonal contraceptives

A
22
Q

What are the pros and cons of long acting hormonal contraceptives

A
23
Q

Name 2 types of intrauterine contraception.

A

1-Intrauterine device (IUD)
2-Intrauterine system (IUS)

24
Q

Fill out this table regarding Intrauterine contraceptives

A
25
Q

What are the pros and cons of intrauterine contraceptives

A
26
Q

Why is the intrauterine device, copper coil contraindicated in Wilsons disease?

A

Wilsons disease is a condition where there is excessive accumulation of copper in the body and tissues.

Inserting a device which secrets copper into the body is therefore a contraindication.

27
Q

Suggest 3 contraindications for the copper coil?

A
  1. Pelvic inflammatory disease or infection
  2. Immunosuppression
  3. Pregnancy
  4. Unexplained bleeding
28
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

Sterilisation procedures are permanent surgical interventions to prevent conception

29
Q

State 2 sterilisation procedures?

A
  1. Vasectomy
  2. Tubal ligation
30
Q

What does a vasectomy involve?

A

A vasectomy is a sterilization process for males in which the Vas deferens is snipped or tied (under local anesthetic) to prevent sperm entering the ejaculate.

31
Q

Under what type of anaesthetic is a vasectomy done?

A

Local anaesthetic

32
Q

Despite the vas deferens being ligated, men will still produce semen secreted from accessory glands.

However, it should contain NO sperm.
What test is performed 12 weeks post vasectomy to confirm this?

A

A post-vasectomy semen analysis.

A test to check there is no sperm in the semen.

33
Q

State 2 pros and cons of vasectomy surgery.

A

Pros
1. Relatively quick 15-20 mins
2. Minimally invasive
3. 99% Effective

Cons
1. Permanent ( can be reversed privately but v low success rate)
2. Alternative contraception is required for two months after the procedure

34
Q

What does tubal ligation involve?

A

Tubal ligation is a form of sterlisation in which the fallopian tubes are ligated or clipped to prevent the ovum (egg) travelling from the ovary to the uterus along the fallopian tube. This means the ovum and sperm will not meet, and pregnancy cannot occur.

35
Q

Under what anaesthetic is tubal ligation done?

A

General anaesthetic

36
Q

State 2 pros and cons of tubal ligation?

A

Pros:
1. 99% effective
2. No hormones required
Cons:
1. More invasive surgery
2. Requires general anesthetic
3. Alternative contraception is required until the next menstrual period,

37
Q

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION

A
38
Q

CONSENT FOR CONTRACEPTION

A
39
Q

contraception when
after pregnancy

A

YEAR 4-GYNAECOLOGY (7 decks)

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