Contextual, Narrative, Solution-focused

Question 1

Who was the creator of contextual therapy?

Answer 1

Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy

Question 2

What is the foundational philosophy of contextual therapy?

Answer 2

Based on relational ethics

Families have an ethical system: a ledger of entitlement and indebtedness

Question 3

Inbuilt longing

Answer 3

Theoretical assumptions of CT: An innate longing for connection and trust

Question 4

Connection and trust

Answer 4

Theoretical assumptions of CT: Humans need to be connected to others in trustable and loving relationships

Question 5

Reciprocity

Answer 5

Theoretical assumptions of CT: We all have principles of personal accountability for relational consequences rooted in the assumption of reciprocity

Question 6

Future generations

Answer 6

Theoretical assumptions of CT: Every person has his/her impact on other people, including future generations

Question 7

CT: Justice and fairness

Answer 7

Monitoring fairness keeps the relationship “trustworthy”. Trustworthiness is proven through actions.

Question 8

CT: Entitlements

Answer 8

“ethical guarantees” to merits that are earned in the context of relationships

Question 9

CT: Destructive entitlements

Answer 9

Result when children do not receive the nurturing to which they are entitled and later project this loss onto the world

Question 10

CT: Invisible loyalties

Answer 10

Trans-generational loyalties felt within families

Question 11

CT: Revolving slate

Answer 11

A destructive relational process in which one person takes revenge in one relationship based on the relational transactions in another

Question 12

CT: Split loyalties

Answer 12

When a child feels forced to choose one parents over another because of mistrust between the caregivers.

Question 13

What is the stance of the therapist in CT?

Answer 13

Multi-directed partiality, non-judgmental, facilitator

Question 14

CT Assessment

Answer 14

Four dimensions: Facts, individual psychology, family transactions, relational ethics
Acknowledge past - identify trans-generational revolving slates

Question 15

CT Techniques

Answer 15

Multi-directed partiality, acknowledgement, crediting, anticipatory listening, direct address of fairness issues, suggestions, summary/interpretations, making accountable, exonerations

Question 16

Founders of Narrative Therapy

Answer 16

Michael White, David Epston, Steven Madigan

Question 17

Narrative philosophy

Answer 17

People are separate from problems. People are NOT problems - Problems are problems.

Problems are socially constructed, upheld by those in power, and used to subjugate others.

Problems hijack a person’s personhood and identity, often convincing the person that they themselves are the problem.

Question 18

Role of the therapist

Answer 18

Non-expert role/position, Client is the expert
Expert in the PROCESS of therapy, not client’s life
Nonjudgmental/Impartial
Ethnographer, journalist/Reporter, co-editor/Co-publisher
Attenuation to power dynamics
Shame-free, stigma-free, non-pathologizing
Person-first language
Curious at all times
Self of the therapist work, manages biases

Question 19

Case Conceptualization: NT

Answer 19

Externalize the problem. Assess other areas of the person’s life to “meet them outside of the problem”, identify problem saturated narratives.
Look at unique outcomes: Influence of persons when the problem is less of a problem
Dominant discourses and diversity
Preferred identity and discourses

Question 20

Interventions

Answer 20

Externalization of Problems
Problem Saturated Stories
Deconstructing Questions
Scaffolding
Mapping the Influence
Exceptions, Unique Outcomes, and Sparkling Moments
Relative Influence 
Preferred Outcomes & Stories
Dis-membering, re-membering
Reauthoring
Outsider Witness
Reflection Teams
Definitional Ceremonies
Letter Writing Questions
Landscape of Action
Landscape of Identity

Question 21

Mapping influence

Answer 21

Looking beyond how the person normally imagines the problems influence and mapping its effects across a broader range

Question 22

Scaffolding

Answer 22

Moving clients incrementally from areas of familiarity in experience towards more novel experiences

Question 23

Founders of solution-focused

Answer 23

Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim-Berg, Bill O’Hanlon

Question 24

Goals of solution focused

Answer 24

Goals involve increasing positivity and resource utilization; recognizing existing strengths and building on them

Question 25

Solution focused interventions

Answer 25

Formula first session task: notice what’s working, identify strengths, generate optimism
Scaling questions: used to est. weekly goals
Presuppositional questions: assume that problems will be resolved
Compliments and encouragements