Context (Small Island + TRF) Flashcards

1
Q

What was Windrush and its importance?

A
  • Empire Windrush arrived at Tilbury Dock in London in June 1948. There were 492 West Indians on board.
  • It was the beginning of a wave of immigration from Commonwealth countries and colonies.
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2
Q

What was 9/11?

A

Four coordinated Islamist suicide terrorist attacks carried out by Al-Qaeda against the United States on September 11

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3
Q

Expectation vs reality of windrush generation

A
  • Found that they were foreigners in England, and this shocked them.
  • The things they thought of as quintessentially English - manners, politeness, rounded vowels from well-spoken people - were not in evidence
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4
Q

What were the affects of 9/11?

A
  • Led to an increase of national security, tightening of immigration laws and greater censorship.
  • Led to hate crimes and harassment of Muslims (targeted for wearing turbans, having beards etc)
  • Government expanded the definition of ‘terrorist activity’
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5
Q

Who coined the term ‘The American Dream’?

A

James Truslow Adams (1931)

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6
Q

What is ‘The American Dream’ as stated by James Truslow Adams?

A

‘That dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement’

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7
Q

What are David and Okazaki’s (2006) views on the ‘Colonial Mindset’?

A

‘Colonial mentality is the idea that one has been conditioned to attach more importance to the values of the dominant culture over ones own

‘Colonial mentality is a form of internalized racial oppression’

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8
Q

Pakistani immigration to the United States

A
  • After the US ‘Immigration and Nationality act 1965’, the no. of Pakistani’s immigrating to the US increased dramatically
  • By 1990, there were about 100,000 Pakistani’s in the US
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9
Q

Affect of 9/11 on the immigration of Pakistani’s

A
  • The number of Pakistani immigrants admitted into the US after 9/11 decreased by more than 40%
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10
Q

What were the push factors for immigration from Jamaica

A
  • The Caribbean endured poverty after the abolition of slavery and the economic decline of the sugar plantations
  • 1944 (Post WW2) Jamaican hurricane led to widespread structural and economic damage
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11
Q

Who coined the ‘push-pull theory’?

A

Everett Lee (1885) about immigration motivations

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12
Q

Poet James Berry (1940) description of Jamaica in the introduction to ‘Windrush Songs’

A

‘we were stuck’

‘hating the place we loved, because it was on the verge of choking us to death’

‘The culture was suffering from its history’ (slavery)

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13
Q

What does James Berry highlight in ‘Windrush songs’?

A
  • Alludes to the desire among young Caribbean men to widen their horizons, to gain opportunities unavailable at home
  • Highlights the continuing impact of slavery left on the Caribbean
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14
Q

Lord Kitchener’s (1951) song and what does it show

A

‘London is the place for me’

  • Trinidadian calypso
  • Reflects the hopes and dreams of Windrush immigrants
  • ‘I am glad to know my mother country’
  • Written on the empire windrush, and sung on arrival
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15
Q

What did the British Nationality Act (1948) do?

A
  • Gave all colonial citizens British nationality and immigration rights
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16
Q

When was the Commonwealth Immigration Act and what did it aim to do
(1962)?

A
  • Entailed stringent restrictions on the entry of Commonwealth citizens into the UK
17
Q

When did Jamaica gain independence?

A

August 6, 1962
(became independent with full dominion status within the Commonwealth)

18
Q

Quote from ‘Three Daughters of Eve’ by Elif Shafak (roots)

A

‘why roots were rated so highly compared with branches or leaves. Peri had never understood’

19
Q

Multi-locationality

A

The internalised battle of negotiating

20
Q

Quotes from ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech Encoh Powell (1968)

A

‘We must be mad as a nation’

‘It is like watching a nation busily engage in busily engaged in heaping up its own funeral pyr’

21
Q

EDL movement reform UK (populist natiionalism)

22
Q

‘Rivers of Blood’ speech Encoh Powell (1968)

A
  • Criticised immigration to the UK, and rapid influx from the New Commonwealth
23
Q

Who highlighted the term ‘Colonization in reverse’ and when?

A

Louise Bennett-Coverley (1966)

24
Q

How does ‘London is the Place for me’ beigin and how is this significant?

A
  • Begins with the chimes of Big Ben
  • A symbolism of idealised London
  • Synechdoche