content quiz 2 Flashcards
Nico is playting with a toy zoo. His brother gives him three animals: a hippo, a lemur, and a zebra. Nico already knows “hippo” and “zebra”.
When his brother asks “where’s the lemur?” Which toy will Nice most likely pick up?
the LEMUR
dani is playing with a new toy tractor. her mother points to the tractor and says, “it’s a tractor”. when dani hears the word tractor for the first time, what is she most likly to assume it refers to?
the ENTIRE toy tractor
While Liam is digging sand at the beach, his father points to the sand shovel and says “that’s a shovel”. Later, Liam sees a large garden shovel and a sand pail. His father says, “can you find the shovel?”
Based on the ========= assumption bias, what is liam most likely to assume the word “shovel” refers to?
taxonomic
the garden shovel
ari learns the word “hat” in reference to a pink snow hat. Which of these following is ari NOT likely to accept as being another hat?
- a pink sun hat
- a blue snow hat
- a pink jacket
a pink JACKET
shayla’s mother points in the sky and says “look at the airplane.” If Shayla knows mom is referring to flying vehicle in the sky, not the clouds, Shayla is demonstrating:
joint reference
An 11-month-old child says /ban/ every time she sees any kind of shoe. is this an example of a true word?
NO
an – MONTH OLD is experiencing a vocab spurt.
we can assume his current productive vocab consists between: – and — words.
18
50, 100
mia and her father love playing together with her zoo toy set. given what you know about children’s early words, which of the following is most likely to be one of Mia’s first words?
- amphibian
- bear
- aquarium
- hibernate
bear
sam calls his shove and pail “beach”. This is an example of what type of overextension?
relational
in the U.S., higher level language skills, such as figurative language, word play, phonological and morphological awareness, and word definitions are important for later —— success
school
how many morphemes are in the following utterance?
The geese are flying through the clouds.
NINE
How many morphemes are in the following utterance?
My sister cooked yummy pancakes for breakfast yesterday.
TEN
Find the auxiliary in the following sentence.
My classes are keeping me busy this semester
are
(helping keeping)
find the copula in the following sentence:
My classes are not very difficult this semester.
are
(stands alone– main verb)
Results of the Wug test research suggest that:
Kids use grammatical morphemes productively
which of the following is an overregularization?
- saying ball for moon
- saying goed for went
- saying wabbit for rabbit
saying goed for went
children’s overregularizations are tied to…
children’s used of regular forms and resolve gradually
TRUE OR FALSE: unlike children’s learning of a rule for regular forms, irregulars are generally memorized with experience
true
which of the following is an exampe of telegraphic speech:
- kitty
- I like kitties
- the kitty eats
- kitty eat food
kitty eat food
examples of child-like sentence in the sentence focused framework
daddy eat it
doggy run
(simple subject and verb)
infants prefer listening to sentences with correct word order by at least
12 MONTHS
children can look toward the correct picture upon hearing a morphosyntactic cue within a sentence by age
3 YEARS
if they don’t use it in spontaneous speech, children can be primed to use a sentence like
“the dog was chased by the cat”
by age
3 YEARS
which of the following question forms is a child likely to use first developmentally?
- what you want?
- when you don’t go?
- mommy go work?
- who do you think wants it?
mommy go work?
by – to – months old, babies can follow a speaker’s eye gaze and map the word to what the speaker is looking at
12, 18
Babies can discriminate sounds of all languages around age
6 months old
babies can discriminate the sounds of their own language by age
10-12 months
derivational bound morphemes
derive new words
(pre-, -ness)
Inflectional bound morpheme
modify tense, person, number. does not change meaning
(-s, -ing, -ed)
compound words, in terms of children’s speech, are considered — morpheme
ONE
grammatical morpheme development begins appearing in speech at the —– stage
2-word
argument structure: intransitive verb
require one subject (argument)
ex: The baby giggled.
argument structure: transitive verbs
require two arguments
(subject and object)
ex: ERNIE took a BATH.
argument structure: ditransitive verbs
require THREE arguments (subject, direct object, indirect object)
ex: JOE gave ME FLOWERS.
transformation rules
d-structure to s-structure
changes subject to object, object to subject
his friend carried him the hospital –> he was carried by his friend to the hospital
By – months, children correctly respond to subject questions
15
by – months, children correctly respond to subject questions AND object questions
20
subject question
what hit the apple?
object question
what did the book hit?
children as young as —— can be primed to produce passive sentences and double object datives (although they don’t use these form in spontaneous speech). this is known as ———–
3 years old
priming paradigm
two qualities of two-word utterances
content words (nouns, verbs, adj)
maintain adult word-order (baby cry, mommy shoe, eat cracker)
telegraphic speech
three to four word utterances without grammatical forms, but still preserve word order
ex:
daddy eat cookie
mommy sit chair
pull wagon grass
when should verbs and child-like sentences occur?
24 months
when should 90% of children produce verbs and childlike sentences?
30 months
Development of negatives
- nonverbal - headshake
- place negative outside sentence (no sit, no sing)
- place negative word inside sentence next to main verb (I not know, I no like it)
- use of auxillaries (I can’t see, It’s not hot)
how to calculate mean length of utterance
- total morphemes/total utterances
- three sig figs (2.50)
