Content Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychosocial theory

A

The psychological emphasis to
his theory is seen in his discussion of an individual’s search for
identity and developing sense of self; the emphasis on social
development is apparent in the importance he placed on a person’s
relationships with others and how he or she comes to be an active
and contributing member of society.

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2
Q

Developmental Crisis

A

Critical developmental task,
that is of particular importance at that time in the person’s life.

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3
Q

Trust

A

A sense that their needs will be met through sensitive, consistent, and responsive relationships with caregivers.

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4
Q

Autonomy

A

Will as toddlers take on a host of
new motor skills and make the first steps
toward an increasing self-sufficiency and
independence.

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5
Q

Initiative

A

Purpose or undertaking, planning, and attacking a task

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6
Q

Industry

A

Feelings of competence as they learn they can win recognition by
producing things

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7
Q

Identity

A

A sense of who they are and
what role they will fill in the adult world.

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8
Q

Intimacy

A

Committing
to caring and reciprocal partnerships with
others that may call for sacrifice and compromise.

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9
Q

Generativity

A

A concern for helping to guide the next
generation.

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10
Q

Integrity

A

Taking responsibility for
one’s life, coming to accept its inevitable
mix of triumphs and disappointments, and ultimately accepting that life for what it was.

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11
Q

Identity Foreclosure

A

One who has locked themselves into an identity without having explored other
identities, possibilities, or career options.

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12
Q

Identity Diffusion

A

Describes a state in which an adolescent does not have a firm understanding of who they are or what their future goals
and plans might be.

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13
Q

Identity Moratorium

A

A period of exploration about possible
careers, future options, and experimentation with positive and
negative identities prior to any long-term commitment to a specific
identity.

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14
Q

Identity Achievement

A

To prevent an adolescent from settling too quickly on an
identity without the opportunity for self-discovery.

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15
Q

Ecological Model

A

The study of the developing child amidst the changing
properties of his or her immediate settings, the relations between
those settings, and the broader contexts in which those settings are
embedded.

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16
Q

Microsystem

A

Comprised of the child’s immediate
surroundings and those settings where he or she spends a significant
amount of time.

17
Q

Mesosystem

A

Comprised of the child’s immediate
surroundings and those settings where he or she spends a significant
amount of time.

18
Q

Exosystem

A

Linkages between social settings, in at
least one of which the individual does not have an active role, yet
they can still affect the child indirectly.

19
Q

Macrosystem

A

The broader society that the child
belongs to and includes the cultural values and customs he or she
grows up with.

20
Q

Chronosystem

A

The sociohistorical circumstances and
environmental changes that occur over time that will influence
individuals differently at various points in history.

21
Q

Preconventional Reasoning

A

Students will be
focused on immediate consequences to their actions when
making moral decisions.

22
Q

Punishment and Obedience Orientation

A

Decisions result from an
attempt to avoid punishment or
seek rewards.

23
Q

Exchange of Favors Orientation

A

Individuals are no longer egocentric and now understand
that others have needs and viewpoints of their own.

24
Q

Conventional Reasoning

A

In the conventional level of moral reasoning individuals are now
looking to social consensus when making decisions.

25
Q

Good boy/ good girl orientation

A

Look to the effects of their decisions on social relationships, specifically how others close to them may react to their
choices.

26
Q

Law and Order Orientation

A

Individuals respect the authority of institutions and established policy
unquestioningly.

27
Q

Postconventional Reasoning

A

In the postconventional level of moral reasoning, individuals are now
looking beyond social consensus (and established law or policy)
when making decisions.

28
Q

Social contract orientation

A

While individuals recognize benefit of laws for a smoothly functioning society, they feel it is right to examine their utility when necessary.

29
Q

Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

A

Individuals are adhering to universal principles, answer to an inner conscience,
and are willing to suffer the consequences for those beliefs.

30
Q

Moral Education

A

Those educational
programs that seek to develop students’ moral reasoning and
stimulation of the next stage of moral development

31
Q

Moral Dilemmas

A

peer-group discussions of open-ended stories depicting moral issues.

32
Q

Justice perspective

A

a morality of justice that places an importance on respecting rules
and the rights of others

33
Q

Care Perspective

A

A morality of care that places importance on relationships and responsibilities to others

34
Q

Prosocial Behavior

A

also known as altruism, refers to the voluntary
decision to help another person

35
Q

Perspective taking

A

Selman’s 4 levels of perceiving a situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that of another individual.