Content Quiz 2

Question 1

Psychosocial theory

Answer 1

The psychological emphasis to
his theory is seen in his discussion of an individual’s search for
identity and developing sense of self; the emphasis on social
development is apparent in the importance he placed on a person’s
relationships with others and how he or she comes to be an active
and contributing member of society.

Question 2

Developmental Crisis

Answer 2

Critical developmental task,
that is of particular importance at that time in the person’s life.

Question 3

Trust

Answer 3

A sense that their needs will be met through sensitive, consistent, and responsive relationships with caregivers.

Question 4

Autonomy

Answer 4

Will as toddlers take on a host of
new motor skills and make the first steps
toward an increasing self-sufficiency and
independence.

Question 5

Initiative

Answer 5

Purpose or undertaking, planning, and attacking a task

Question 6

Industry

Answer 6

Feelings of competence as they learn they can win recognition by
producing things

Question 7

Identity

Answer 7

A sense of who they are and
what role they will fill in the adult world.

Question 8

Intimacy

Answer 8

Committing
to caring and reciprocal partnerships with
others that may call for sacrifice and compromise.

Question 9

Generativity

Answer 9

A concern for helping to guide the next
generation.

Question 10

Integrity

Answer 10

Taking responsibility for
one’s life, coming to accept its inevitable
mix of triumphs and disappointments, and ultimately accepting that life for what it was.

Question 11

Identity Foreclosure

Answer 11

One who has locked themselves into an identity without having explored other
identities, possibilities, or career options.

Question 12

Identity Diffusion

Answer 12

Describes a state in which an adolescent does not have a firm understanding of who they are or what their future goals
and plans might be.

Question 13

Identity Moratorium

Answer 13

A period of exploration about possible
careers, future options, and experimentation with positive and
negative identities prior to any long-term commitment to a specific
identity.

Question 14

Identity Achievement

Answer 14

To prevent an adolescent from settling too quickly on an
identity without the opportunity for self-discovery.

Question 15

Ecological Model

Answer 15

The study of the developing child amidst the changing
properties of his or her immediate settings, the relations between
those settings, and the broader contexts in which those settings are
embedded.

Question 16

Microsystem

Answer 16

Comprised of the child’s immediate
surroundings and those settings where he or she spends a significant
amount of time.

Question 17

Mesosystem

Answer 17

Comprised of the child’s immediate
surroundings and those settings where he or she spends a significant
amount of time.

Question 18

Exosystem

Answer 18

Linkages between social settings, in at
least one of which the individual does not have an active role, yet
they can still affect the child indirectly.

Question 19

Macrosystem

Answer 19

The broader society that the child
belongs to and includes the cultural values and customs he or she
grows up with.

Question 20

Chronosystem

Answer 20

The sociohistorical circumstances and
environmental changes that occur over time that will influence
individuals differently at various points in history.

Question 21

Preconventional Reasoning

Answer 21

Students will be
focused on immediate consequences to their actions when
making moral decisions.

Question 22

Punishment and Obedience Orientation

Answer 22

Decisions result from an
attempt to avoid punishment or
seek rewards.

Question 23

Exchange of Favors Orientation

Answer 23

Individuals are no longer egocentric and now understand
that others have needs and viewpoints of their own.

Question 24

Conventional Reasoning

Answer 24

In the conventional level of moral reasoning individuals are now
looking to social consensus when making decisions.

Question 25

Good boy/ good girl orientation

Answer 25

Look to the effects of their decisions on social relationships, specifically how others close to them may react to their
choices.

Question 26

Law and Order Orientation

Answer 26

Individuals respect the authority of institutions and established policy
unquestioningly.

Question 27

Postconventional Reasoning

Answer 27

In the postconventional level of moral reasoning, individuals are now
looking beyond social consensus (and established law or policy)
when making decisions.

Question 28

Social contract orientation

Answer 28

While individuals recognize benefit of laws for a smoothly functioning society, they feel it is right to examine their utility when necessary.

Question 29

Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

Answer 29

Individuals are adhering to universal principles, answer to an inner conscience,
and are willing to suffer the consequences for those beliefs.

Question 30

Moral Education

Answer 30

Those educational
programs that seek to develop students’ moral reasoning and
stimulation of the next stage of moral development

Question 31

Moral Dilemmas

Answer 31

peer-group discussions of open-ended stories depicting moral issues.

Question 32

Justice perspective

Answer 32

a morality of justice that places an importance on respecting rules
and the rights of others

Question 33

Care Perspective

Answer 33

A morality of care that places importance on relationships and responsibilities to others

Question 34

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 34

also known as altruism, refers to the voluntary
decision to help another person

Question 35

Perspective taking

Answer 35

Selman’s 4 levels of perceiving a situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that of another individual.