Content Quiz 1 Flashcards
Schema
Mental structure formed to house categories of information knowledge, perception, or ideas that aid us in interpreting our experiences.
Know Your Students’ Cognitive Level
Make the Most of What Students Already Know
Infuse Opportunities for Disequilibrium into Classroom Learning
Reflex
is consolidated and strengthened by virtue of its own functioning. Such a fact is
the most direct expression of the mechanism of assimilation.
Assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas.
Accommodation
refers to the practice of changing mental
structures to fit the new reality or occurrence by either adjusting the
existing schemas to include the new experience or completely
creating a new schema.
Equilibrium
the state at which a child can explain his or her world
Disequilibrium
When children encounter new information that
does not fit with what they already know
Equilibration
the process that explains how children are capable of progressing from one period of thought into the one that follows
Sensorimotor phase
the first stage of cognitive development that begins with the newborn infant and ends at the age of two
Object permanence
is the ability to symbolically represent objects that are
not in direct view
Egocentric speech
the concept where young children experience difficulty taking into account another person’s perspective, they do not tailor their speech to their listeners
Socialized speech
Speech in which the child actually exchanges thoughts with others. She requests, orders, threatens, communicates, criticizes, questions
Animistic thinking
the propensity to attribute lifelike qualities to inert objects
Classification
involves understanding that different objects can belong to different categories simultaneously (simultaneous is for multiple classification)
Conservation
prevention of wasteful use of a resource.
Because preoperational children lack the ability to conserve, they will be ruled by appearances when making decisions rather than logically deducing the answer. It is useful to lay the foundation of conservation ability as you allow preoperational children to try out different quantities and sizes of blocks, dough, sand, liquid, etc., in order for them to begin to make connections between the various items, allowing them to work with similarities and differences between quantities.
Seriate
(Children in concrete operations stage) Seriate is the ability to order objects, people, animals, etc. it is helpful for students in concrete operations stage to know how to do this and to do it in reverse order
Transitivity
understanding the connections between objects .i.e. This means that if one understands that a dog is a mammal and that a labrador is a dog, then a labrador must be a mammal.
Adolescent egocentrism
Adolescent egocentrism dictates the way in which young adults perceive social issues and contributes to their increased self-consciousness, their sense of individuality and their belief that they are indestructible. Two parts of this are the imaginary audience and the personal fable, where teens believe they always have an audience, that everyone is watching them and the personal fable that their experiences are unique.
Cognitive constructivism
Constructivism refers to the belief that learners construct knowledge by being active participants in the learning process… In other words, students learn through discovering and exploring their world while incorporating these new experiences to their
knowledge base
The Montessori method of education
The Montessori Method of education encourages self-discovery and prompts children, even very young ones, to select their own
materials and to set their own pace. It focuses on student-led learning with materials and environment controlled by the teacher.
Spiral curriculum
In the spiral curriculum, a topic is taught repeatedly at different ages by building upon it and elaborating it to the level of mastery. In the beginning, the material would be taught in simpler ways to match a younger child’s cognitive capacities, and it would increasingly become more challenging in order to match that child’s developing abilities
Discovery learning
Bruner is credited as the author of this…Discovery learning “involves constructing and testing hypotheses rather than simply reading or listening to teacher presentations”. Discovery learning encourages the student to draw on their own knowledge as they manipulate and interact with the problem at hand in order to reach a conclusion or an answer
Sociocultural perspective
The major theme of Vygotsky’s theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. His theory is often referred to as a sociocultural perspective, an approach that draws attention to the role of social and cultural experience in guiding cognitive development
Physical tools
Physical tools are material objects that facilitate
the action between a person’s hand and the object upon which the
tool acts, hence causing a change in the object
Psychological tools
Psychological tools on
the other hand, are internal mediators between a person’s thoughts
and the social world that change an individual’s mental functioning;
some examples of these tools are language, mnemonics, and
gestures
