Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Winland Brown Review Book > Content 4 > Flashcards

Content 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Differences in presentation between gastric and duodenal ulcer

A

Gastric: vomiting
Duodenal: Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tenesmus

A

Spasmodic contraction of anal and bladder sphincters, producing pain and persistent desire to empty the bowel and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pyloroplasty

A

Surgically enlarges the opening between the stomach and duodenum to improve gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bilroth 1

A

Gastroduodenostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vagotomy

A

Removes a portion or all of the vagal nerves to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Once gastric CA has been diagnosed, accurate staging can be done via

A

Endoscopic ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ransons criteria

A

Compose a classification system to assess the severity of pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What lab value is increased with significant diarrhea

A

Serum Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are lipids broken down

A

Small intenstine by pancreatic lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What could cause false positive blood in the stool

A

Ingestion of rare meat

Oral iron preparations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

AKA esophageal sphincter

Located between esophagus and stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of hernia develops over a previous surgical site

A

Incisional or ventral hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

Pain elicited in RLQ when palpating in LLQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WHen do abdominal respirations cease in kids

A

age 7

The absence <7 indicates peritoneal inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most common cause of melena

A

Upper GI bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyperactive bowel sounds are present with

A

Laxative use, early mechanical bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, brisk diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypoactive bowel sounds present with

A

Cirrhosis, late mechanical bowel obstruction, pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What agents are CI in UC

A

Anti diarrheal agents–may precipitate colonic dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which antibiotic causes most GI upset

A

Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Findings in diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain, tender mass in LLQ, and elevated temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Palpable spleen 2cm or less below left costal margin in <3 year old

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Koch pouch

A

Continent ileostomy
Surgical removal of the rectum and colon and construction of an internal ileal reservoir, nipple valve and stoma allowing for intermittent drainage of ileal contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most frequent cause of elevated LFT

A

Hepatocellular damage due to alcohol abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WHich organ produces and secretes biles to emulsify fats

A

The liver; the gallbladder stores and concentrates the biles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Schilling test

A

Timed urine test that evaluates the ability to absorb Vitamin B12 from the GI tract
Used to diagnose pernicious anemia and malabsorption syndromes
Normal is 10-40%
<7% indicates supplement with vitamin B12

26
Q

Rumination

A

Food is regurgitated, mouthed or chewed, and then reswallowed
May be psychogenic

27
Q

What finding indicates that biliary obstruction is present with liver disease

A

Pruritus

28
Q

Cushing ulcer

A

stress ulcer due to head injury

29
Q

Portacaval shunt most often performed for

A

Bleeding esophageal varices due to alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension

30
Q

What accounts for the most cases of mechanical bowel obstruction

A

Hernias

31
Q

Prevention of SSI in colorectal surgery

A

3 doses of cefmetazole administration

32
Q

Tx for physiologic jaundic

A

Not needed if <20

33
Q

MOA of diphenoxylate and loperamide

A

Decrease motility of the ileum and colon, slowing transit time and promoting more water absorption

34
Q

MOA of anticholinergics for diarrhea

A

Reduce bowel spasticity and acid secretion in the stomach

35
Q

Most common causes of upper GI bleeding in descending order

A

Peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices, esophagitis, erosive gastritis, carcinomas, AV malformations

36
Q

If client with ARF excretes 400mL urine on Tuesday, how much fluid should you give Wednesday?

A

900ml

Allow for 500ml insensible fluid loss

37
Q

most common genetic cause of chronic renal disease

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

38
Q

Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis

A

Tetany, hypotension, tachycardia, confusion, decreasing LOC, hyperreflexia, dysrhythmias, seizures, respiratory failure

39
Q

Clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis

A

N/V, weakness, bradycardia

40
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

DM

41
Q

WHat postvoid residual cath volume is abnormal

A

> 30mL

42
Q

What diagnostic test may lead to dx of nephrolithiasis

A

Urinary calcium output >300mg in 24 hours

43
Q

An acidic urine pH favors which type of stones

A

Uric acid and cystine

44
Q

What is most common cause of end stage renal disease

A

Diabetic nephropathy

45
Q

Meds used to decrease calcium phosphate and oxalate stones

A

Thiazide diuretics, phosphate and calcium binding agents

46
Q

Clinical manifestations of renal tumors

A

Microscopic hematuria, palpable abdominal mass, fever, flank pain, fatigue, weight loss, anemia/polycythemia

47
Q

Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction

A

Ureterolithiasis

48
Q

Most common cause of death in dialysis clients

A

CV failure with hypotension and diabetes as predisposing factors

49
Q

Urine can be colonized with bacteria when catheter is left in longer than

A

72 hours

50
Q

When does progressive loss of nephrons occur

A

Age 40

51
Q

Decreased pH, normal PCO2, decreased HCO3 indicates

A

Metabolic acidosis

Renal failure, diabetes, shock can cause

52
Q

2 most common reasons for vascular access dysfunction and loss of hemodialysis for patients

A

Thrombosis and infection

53
Q

RHabdomyolysis

A

Breakdown of skeletal muscle with resulting release of myoglobin which accumulates in the kidney tubules causing acute injury

54
Q

pH 7.39, PaO2 92, HCO3 24, PaCO2 48

A

Respiratory acidosis

55
Q

Most common kidney stones

A

Calcium oxolate

56
Q

Oliguria in adult

A

<500mL/day

57
Q

Anuria in adult

A

<100mL/day

58
Q

Excessive alcohol ingestion can cause what acid-base imbalance

A

Metabolic acidosis–alcohol results in excess acid levels in blood

59
Q

Etiology for transient urinary incontinence

A 
DIAPERS
Drugs--anticholinergics, diuretics
Infection
Atrophy of vagina/urethra
Psychological disorders 
Endocrine
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction
60
Q

Most calcium phosphate stones are caused by

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Tx: excision of parathyroid adenoma

61
Q

Why are middle aged men less prone to UTI than middle aged women

A

They have the bacteriostatic effects of prostatic fluid and a longer urethra

Winland Brown Review Book (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions