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Winland Brown Review Book > Content 1 > Flashcards

Content 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pap smear recommendations USPSTF

A

Start at age 21 Up to age 65 if woman has had adequate prior screening and no high risk for cervical cancer

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2
Q

The best strategy to promote personal health

A

Instill in people a sense of responsibility for their own health

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3
Q

Hair coming out in handfuls caused by stress

A

Telogen effluvium

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4
Q

Organ-specific autoimmune disease that manifests as round or oval patches of non-scarring hair loss

A

Alopecia areata

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5
Q

USPSTF recommendation for mammograms

A

Every 2 years after the age of 50

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6
Q

Recommendations for cholesterol checks

A

Every 5 years over the age of 20

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7
Q

National cholesterol education program recommendations about diet makeup

A

55% carbs, 30% fat, 15% protein

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8
Q

Ultimate goal of crisis intervention

A

To help people function at a higher level than their precrisis state

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9
Q

Screening recommendation for glaucoma

A

Starting at age 20, screen at regular annual physical

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10
Q

Health plan that delivers comprehensive health maintenance and treatment services to members of an enrolled group who pay a pre-negotiated and fixed price

A

HMO

Must choose their doctor ahead of time

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11
Q

Suicide rates

A

Males: highest among those over the age of 75
Females: highest among those aged 45-54
Males succeed at suicide at a rate of four times that of women
Women attempt suicide 2-3 times more often than men
Fire arms are most common method for men
Poisonings are most common method for women

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12
Q

Utilization review

A

A system to monitor diagnosis, treatment and billing practices
Lowers healthcare costs by discouraging unnecessary procedures

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13
Q

High intensity statins

A

Atorvastatin 40-80mg

Rosuvastatin 20-40mg

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14
Q

Moderate intensity statins

A

Simvastatin 20-40mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Lovastatin 40mg

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15
Q

Healthy people 2020’s leading health indicators

A

Obesity, substance abuse and immunizations

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16
Q

CDC screening guidelines for HIV

A

Screen those clients with high risk behaviors

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17
Q

Most common workplace injury

A

Repetitive stress injuries

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18
Q

DHEA

A

A hormone that is abundant in the body and naturally produced from cholesterol by adrenal glands with smaller amounts produced by ovaries
Taking both DHEA and HT is not recommended as it is like double dosing

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19
Q

Most common causes of involuntary weight loss

A

Malignancies, GI diseases, psych diseases

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20
Q

Daily alcohol recommendations

A

<1oz pure alcohol

=2 cans of bear, 2 small glasses of wine, 2 average cocktails

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21
Q

Program that addresses the needs of midlife uninsured women

A

WISEWOMAN

Well-integrated screening and evaluation for women across the nation

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22
Q

American Academy of Derm recommends what SPF

A

> 30

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23
Q

Women live, on average, how much longer than men

A

6-7 years

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24
Q

Leading cause of cancer death

A

Breast, followed by lung

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25
Q

Active strategy of health promotion

A

Stress management program

Requires individuals to become personally involved

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26
Q

Only true CI to immunization according to AAP

A

Moderate to severe illness with or without a fever and an anaphylactic reaction ro previous vaccine

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27
Q

Rimantidine

A

Effective against influenza A if given within 48 hours of symptom onset

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28
Q

Medicare parts A-D

A

A: basic hospital insurance
B: supplementary covers physician services, lab services, home health care, outpatient tx
C: vision, dental, hearing
D: prescription coverage

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29
Q

What percent of US adults >75 years have lost their teeth

A

25%

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30
Q

How much extra are healthcare costs for smokers

A

40% more on average

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31
Q

JNC-8 guidelines for tx stage 1 htn

A

Use of one of four classes of meds: thiazide diuretics, CCB, ACEI, ARB

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32
Q

Women with HIV have higher risk of what STI

A

HPV

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33
Q

What percent of older adults have one chronic condition

A

80%

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34
Q

What percent of older adults have two chronic conditions

A

50%

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35
Q

Causes of anal cancer

A

STI’s

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36
Q

Lead screening according to CDC

A

All children at 12 months

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37
Q

Sensitivity vs Specificity

A

Sensitivity: screening tests ability to identify true positives
Specificity: screening tests ability to identify true negatives

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38
Q

Major risk factors for osteoporosis

A

Body weight <127, personal history of fracture, history of fracture in first degree relative, oral steroids >3 months, current smoking

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39
Q

Minor risk factors for osteoporosis

A

Alcohol intake, dementia ,estrogen deficiency <45, impaired vision, low calcium intake, low activity, recent falls

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40
Q

Major criteria for dx chronic fatigue syndrome

A

> 6 months fatigue

Absence of other clinical conditions

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41
Q

Anorexia may cause what physical findings

A

Bradycardia, amenorrhea, arrhythmias

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42
Q

What industry is responsible for the most injuries

A

construction

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43
Q

Allergy to yeast and hep b vaccine

A

Absolute CI

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44
Q

What foods should patients taking levothyroxine avoid

A

High iodine foods–brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, soy, turnips

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45
Q

Recommended daily intake of salt to be below

A

6g/day
Table salt is 40% sodium by weight
=2400mg sodium/day

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46
Q

Tx AOM if penicillin allergy

A

Omnicef

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47
Q

Oxycontin for pediatric patients

A

Must be 11-16 years old

Must already be responding to and tolerating a maximum opioid dose equal to at least 20mg of oxycodone per day

48
Q

Fetal movement checks

A

Should be 20 in 2 hours; lie in left lateral position

If woman experiences decreased activity, a nonstress test should be initiated in 12 hours

49
Q

Lindane for head lice

A

No longer recommended as first line
Toxic if swallowed
Nix + Rid OTC for lice
Ovide requires a Rx

50
Q

CDC requirements for physical exam for international adoption

A

Within 2 weeks of arrival to US

51
Q

Genetics of hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, cystic fribrosis

A

Hemophilia: x linked recessive
Muscular dystrophy: autosomal dominant
Sickle cell + CF: autosomal recessive

52
Q

Abx choice for acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy

A

Ampicillin
Avoid nitrofurantoin in 3rd trimester
Bactrim CI in pregnancy

53
Q

RA in pregnancy

A

75% will experience remission

Many experience flare up during labor

54
Q

When is brain configuration complete of fetus

A

12 weeks

55
Q

Mastodynia

A

Presumptive sign of pregnancy that involves tingling or frank pain of breasts

56
Q

Desmopressin in pediatrics

A

> 6 years old only

Can cause hyponatremia

57
Q

Idiopathic scoliosis

A

Has a familial pattern
Scapulae are unequal
Majority have a right thoracic curve

58
Q

Direct coombs test

A

Done on a blood specimen from the fetus, usually obtained from the umbilical cord

59
Q

Indirect coombs test

A

Test atypical antibody titer in mother’s blood

60
Q

Hypotonia, simian creases, epicanthal folds, brushfield spots

A

Down syndrome

61
Q

Low birth weight, small jaw and recessed chin, muscle rigidity, short sternum

A

Edwards syndrome

Trisomy 18

62
Q

Cleft lip + palate, polydactyly, malformed ears, absence of iris

A

Patau syndrome

63
Q

Lymphademia of hands and feet, webbed neck, coarctation of aorta, urinary tract abnormalities

A

Turner’s syndrome

64
Q

Methylphenidate transdermal patch

A

Daytrana; for ADHD
Should not be worn for more than 9 hours a day
Apply to a different hip each day

65
Q

Developmental delay, lack of speech, seizures, walking and balance disorders, happy demeaner

A

Angelmann syndrome

66
Q

Low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, chronic feeling of hunger

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

67
Q

Innocent murmurs

A

Grade 1-2
Change with position
Musical or vibratory

68
Q

Spalding’s sign

A

Overlapping of the fetal cranial bones seen on US

Result of decreased tissue turgor that occurs after fetal death

69
Q

Piskacek’s sign

A

Palpable lateral bulge or soft prominence where the uterine tubes meets the uterus

70
Q

New guidelines for bronciolitis

A

No longer recommends bronchodilators
Still recommended: NG fluids for infants who cannot maintain hydration orally, palivizumab during first year of life to infants with significant heart disease or chronic lung disease of prematurity, and nebulized hypertonic saline

71
Q

Herpes and miscarriage

A

If primary infection is early in pregnancy, miscarriage risk increased
Primary infection or recurrence later in pregnancy is not associated with miscarriage

72
Q

Lacosamide (Vimpat)

A

May be used to treat partial onset seizures >4 years old

Only by mouth

73
Q

Weight gain recommendations in pregnancy

A

Underweight: 28-40 ib; 5ib in first trimester
Normal: 25-35ib; 3.5ib in first trimester
Overweight: 15-25ib; 2ib in first trimester
Ovese: 15ib; 2ib in first trimester

74
Q

AAP recommendation for cholesterol screening

A

9-11 years old

75
Q

Live virus immunizations

A

Yellow fever, MMR, varicella

76
Q

Excessive iron intake in pregnancy may result in

A

premature delivery and low birth weight babies

77
Q

Recommended sequence for adding solid foods to infant’s diet

A 
Cereal
Fruits
Yellow vegetables
Green vegetables
Strained meats
78
Q

Bishop’s score

A

Assessment of the cervix’s readiness for elective induction

79
Q

Biophysical profile

A

Multiparameter evaluation following a nonreactive nonstress test

80
Q

Lecithin/shingomyelin ratio

A

Used to evaluate fetal lung maturity

81
Q

Acceptable LDL for children 2-19 years

A

<170

82
Q

Congenital zika syndrome

A

Microcephaly where the skull has partially collapsed, decreased brain tissue, damage to the back of the eye, joints with limited ROM

83
Q

APGAR stands for

A

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

84
Q

Flexing hips and knees at 90 degree angle and attempting to slip the femur heads onto the posterior tib of the acetabula by lateral pressure

A

Barlow’s test

85
Q

Flex knees and hips and adduct/abduct

A

Ortolani’s maneuver

86
Q

SE risperidone

A

Weight gain, constipation, fatigue/drowsiness

87
Q

How many cafe-au-lait spots is worrisome

A

> 5 suggests neurofibromatosis

88
Q

Low dose aspirin duration for Kawasaki

A

6-8 weeks

Continued indefinitely if patient develops coronary abnormalities

89
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

Detects only chromosomal anomalies and not anatomical aberrations such as neural tube defects
May be performed at 10-12 weeks gestation
Slightly higher risk of loss of pregnancy than amniocentesis

90
Q

What medications can you use to control rate in A Fib

A

Verapamil, diltiazem, digoxin, beta blockers

91
Q

Unilateral itching along medial border of scapula

A

Notalgia paresthetica
Sensory neuropathy in thoracic spine
Tx: moisturiers, topical capsaicin, H1 blockers

92
Q

Entrapment of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh; burning dicomfort, numbness, tingling and diminished sensation of upper outer thigh

A

Meralgia paresthetica

Obesity and DM are common underlying diagnosis

93
Q

Nerve damage in 2 or more named nerves in separate parts of the body

A

Mononeuritis multiplex

94
Q

Effective antihypertensives in pregnancy

A

Nifedipine, labetalol, methyldopa

95
Q

D-dimer

A

degradation of fibrin that is found in a thrombus

DVT=elevated D-dimer

96
Q

1st line tx for acute cluster headaches

A

Oxygen inhalation

SC sumatriptan

97
Q

Which animal bite can be treated with primary closure

A

Dog

98
Q

Dupuytren’s contractures

A

Caused by fibrosis of palmar fascia resulting in contractions of fingers
Associated with people who abuse alcohol, or who are diabetic

99
Q

What labs need to be monitored for patients taking clozapine

A

Neutrophile count weekly for the first 6 months, biweekly for the next 6 months and monthly for duration of therapy
Medication can cause fatal agranulocytosis

100
Q

Most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis

A

IgA nephropathy

101
Q

Gastroperesis in diabetics

A

Delayed emptying of the stomach; GI manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy
May cause slow absorption of an oral hypoglycemic agent

102
Q

Common problem that people with Williams syndrome have

A

Some type of heart or blood vessel problem

Usually a narrowing of aorta or pulmonary arteries

103
Q

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening

A

Used to detect an increased risk for neural tube defects and ventral wall defects
Considered from 16-18 weeks gestation
Elevated if neural tube defects and women with multiple fetuses
Low levels associated with down syndrome

104
Q

What to do with an avulsed tooth

A

Replace as soon as possible

after rinsing it gently with cold milk, saline or room temp water

105
Q

Thimerosal in flu vaccine

A

Present in multidose vials to preserve

Not present in single use vials

106
Q

How to measure fetal gestation based on US

A

Before 12 weeks: crown to rump

After 12 weeks: femur length and biparietal diameter

107
Q

What to tell a breastfeeding woman who is experiencing constant tenderness of the nipples

A

Apply dry heat to the nipples between feedings

108
Q

What cardiac condition is in infant with Down Syndrome most likely to have

A

AV septal defect

109
Q

Preferred initial tx of patent ductus arteriosus

A

IV indomethacin

110
Q

Anticoagulant use in pregnancy

A

Heparin and embolectomy are allowed

Dabigatran not recommended

111
Q

Education for patient regarding Dabigatran

A

Should be stored in its original bottle to ensure stability and loss of potency from moisture

112
Q

Classic hematologic abnormality in lead poisoning

A

Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes

113
Q

Stroke + fever

A

=Endocarditis until proven otherwise

Always get immediate blood cultures

114
Q

Premenopausal osteoporosis in woman should arouse suspicion of

A

Celiac disease

115
Q

Tx pseudomembrane colitis

A

Flagyl

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