consumption part 2 Flashcards
THE RISE OF
URBAN LEISURE
CONSUMPTION: what came withindustrial revolution/fordism?
a division of labour and free time
THE RISE OF
URBAN LEISURE
CONSUMPTION: when did the paid holiday became a collective right in Belgium?
1936
wat was het economisch effect op vrije tijd door de betaalde vakantie?
- leisure consumption and tourism
- Recreational places and places of
commercial amusement - a new lifestyle adopted by the masses
(away from religion, work, morality)
what were the recreational places and places of
commercial amusement built after the paid holidays?
- dance halls
- cinemas
- theatres
- public parks
- sports halls
what did free time become after the paid holiday?
an essential element in society and ‘the urban’
door wie is het concept ‘flaneur’ ontstaan?
walter benjamin
wanneer en waar is het concept ‘flâneur’ ontstaan?
begin 19e eeuw in Parijs
what was the city like when ‘flâneur’ became a thing?
- Industrial urban space
- Arcades as architectural style of industrial luxury
- Consumer paradises
what was the ‘flâneur’?
a curious explorer of the new consumerist city
what was ‘flâneuring’ about?
- Being ‘at home’ in the urban, commodified space
- Embracing it individually, indulging in the
cityscape around him
wat is een twist aan het concept van ‘flâneur’?
het wordt bekeken uit een mannelijk perspectief en het was iets wat eerder rijke mensen deden
comodification of leisure
the process of mass production and distribution of goods, with leisure itself becoming a commodity and part of a commercial industry
for what kind of consumption do places undergo commodification?
cultural consumption
example commodified places
Brupark with Kinepolis and Mini-Europe
flâneurs in the 21st century
people are now forced to become flâneurs and wander through the labyrinths of consumerism
pacification by cappuccino: what was concluded?
urban spaces are being repurposed as entertainment spaces
pacification by cappuccino: for who are the repurposed entertainment spaces?
- centered around consumption of those who can afford it
- the new urban middle class
pacification by cappuccino: to what does it lead
- exclusion
- gentrification
what is increasing in the post-industrial city?
- service-based industries
- mobility
- middle classes
- affordable transport
- accommodation options
- demand for urban tourism
what is decreasing in the post-industrial city?
traditional industry in cities
what is being enhanced in the post-industrial city?
technologies and communication
what kind of tourism became really popular during the post-industrial city?
the experience economy -> experience as important dimension of consumption (mensen willen zelf op ontdekking gaan in stad)
what did tourism improve in the cities during the post-industrial city?
the economic development
between which two factors did people have to search a balance during the post-industrial city?
a balance between touristic development and quality of life for citizens
when was the balance between touristic life and quality of life for citizens violated?
Manhattan Plan
how many people work in tourism in Brussels City?
35.000
when did they want to create the city as a spectacle?
1980s
the city as spectacle: 3 scenario’s
- the city for the masses
- the city as ‘theme park’
- the non-authentic city
the city for the masses
McDonaldisation
McDonaldisation of society
the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world
the city as a theme park
disneyfication
the non-authentic city
postmodernism
disneyfication of society
the transformation of things or environments into carefully controlled, simplified and safe entertainment, as typical of the Walt Disney brand
what art style is the Bonaventure Hotel an example of?
postmodernism
postmodernism
superficiality vs. authenticity
what is the reflective glass called and what effect does it have?
urban hyperspace repels the city outside, it’s not a part of the city (dissociation from the neighbourhood)
touristification
the transformation of urban space into a tourism commodity
tourist bubble
urban spaces in which touristic activity is organised in a highly structured way, thereby excluding undesirable elements
what does touristification and tourist bubbles lead to?
- homogenisation and standardisation (monoculture
- overtourism and overcrowdedness
- pressure on local communities and quality of life
draagkracht van een stad
aantal inwoners in verhouding houden met toeristen
what are the consequences of successful urban tourism?
- quantity over quality
- economic benefit (profit) over other potential benifits (social, environmental)
is successful urban tourism well approached?
not really, there is a slight need for a better approach
towards a renewed urban tourism
regeneration
regenertation
a renewed search for authenticity
what kind of experiences are being chased with regeneration
- ‘off the beaten track’ experiences
- authenticity vs. spectacle
- multiple preferences for experiences (tourist and local’)
- landmarks in combination with more local experiences
what does regeneration create?
different types of visitor flows
what remains central with regenerative tourism?
experience -> with a more sustainable focus as part of a broader social system
regenerative tourism: what are they using tourism for?
to improve cities
