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History > Constitutionalism > Flashcards

Constitutionalism Flashcards

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1
Q

Which countries were Anti-absolutist?

A

England, Netherlands, Sweden, and Poland

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2
Q

When were England’s revolutions?

A

1642-1660 and 1688-1689

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3
Q

What was the end result of the English revolutions?

A

Overthrow of 2 kings, election of parliament, and guarantee of rights to the citizens

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4
Q

What is constitutionalism?

A

Rulers share power with a parliament if elected representatives

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5
Q

Why did the English Civil War 1642 happen?

A

It broke out between the parliment and the king over the role of the church in England

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6
Q

What did the Petition of Right 1628 do?

A

It defined that the king could not levy taxes without the consent of parliament

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7
Q

What is Charles’ I loophole to the Petition of Right?

A

He just ices them out from 1629 to 1640

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8
Q

What was the main religion of England under Charles I

A

Anglican (puritan majority)

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9
Q

What religion did Charles I prefer?

A

Catholicism

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10
Q

How did Charles I respond to the Puritans rising up against his Catholic practices?

A

Arrests, beatings, exiles, and violently silencing Puritains publicly

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11
Q

Who came to help the Puritans in England?

A

The scottish launched an invasion to insight a political crisis

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12
Q

What does the war against the Scots force Charles I to do?

A

Call parliament into session

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13
Q

What happened when parliament was finally called back into session?

A

They challenged Charles’ I tax proposals and undid policies passed when they were not in secession

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14
Q

What was Charles I fighting?

A

A two from war against the Scots and parliament

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15
Q

When was Charles I beheaded?

A

1649

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16
Q

Who took over after Charles I?

A

Oliver Cromwell

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17
Q

What kind of regime did Cromwell run?

A

A Puritan Republic

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18
Q

How did Cromwell “see himself”

A

A representative of God with no tolerance

19
Q

Which countries did Oliver cromwell fight expensive wars against?

A

Scotland and Ireland

20
Q

How did Cromwell further oppress his people?

A

No public newspapers, spies, destabilizing certainty in society

21
Q

What happened when Cromwell died in 1660?

A

It left a power vacuum

22
Q

What happened during the Restoration?

A

The power went back into the monarchy

23
Q

Who rose into power in 1660 after Cromwell?

A

Charles II with the full consent of parliament

24
Q

Why was Charles II popular?

A

He was athletic, pretty, and granted religious freedom for Anglicans

25
Q

Why does the Charles Family lose power?

A

They do not have any children

26
Q

Who steps up after Charles II in 1685?

A

James II

27
Q

Why wasn’t James II popular?

A

He was very stubborn and a practicing Catholic; pro Catholic policies mad parliament mad

28
Q

How did James II break parliament?

A

Into the Tories and Whigs

29
Q

What were the Torries’ beliefs?

A

Strong, hereditary monarchy and ceremonial aspects of Anglicanism (conservatives)

30
Q

What were the Whigs’ beliefs?

A

Power of parliament and tolerance for protestants

31
Q

Why did the factions rise and unite?

A

1688 James’ wife is pregnant and they oppose secession

32
Q

What was parliaments solution to James’ heir?

A

Bring in the Netherlands!

33
Q

What was the Glorious Revolution?

A

Parliament calls William and Mary (daughter of James II) from the Netherlands to wage war for the power of the throne

34
Q

What surprise did William and Mary face when they arrived with 15,000 troops?

A

James II had already fled back to France

35
Q

In 1689, what did William agree to?

A

The Bill of Rights

36
Q

What are the key components of the 1689 Bill of Rights?

A

Full partnership with parliament
No taxing without consent
No standing army
Parliament must be called into secession every three years
Free elections (just nobles)
No suspending dually passed laws

37
Q

Who were the Jacobites?

A

A Catholic opposition group who allied with the Scots

38
Q

How did the Aristocracy split after the Glorious Revolution?

A

They split into the Peers in the House of Lords and the Gentry in the House of Commons

39
Q

Who was in the Peers in the House of Lords?

A

100-200 Elite families (old money)

40
Q

Who was in the Gentry in the House of Commons?

A

Landed gentelment and commercial wealth (new money)

41
Q

What was the Act of Toleratin of 1689?

A

Tolerance of all protestants if take an oath of allegiance to England and participate in occasional Anglican communions

42
Q

Who did the Act of Toleration of 1689 exclude?

A

Catholics, Jews, and Unitarians

43
Q
A

History (4 decks)

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