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Absolutism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two pathways of State Formation

A

Absolutism and Consitutionalism

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2
Q

How did monarchial power change during the 17th century?

A

From Feudalism to Capitalism

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3
Q

What are the five features of absolutism?

A
  1. Consolidation of Power
  2. Monarch’s identity is state identity
  3. Decrease of noble influence
  4. Professional standing armies
  5. Bureaucracy
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4
Q

What was King Louis XIV nickname?

A

The Sun King

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5
Q

Why do kings have two bodies?

A

One for mortal and one for sacred/divinity

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6
Q

What was the name of the man who acted in Louis’ heed before he became of age?

A

The Reagent

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7
Q

What was La Fronde

A

The noble rebellion 1648-1653 before King Louis XIV was in power

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8
Q

Why did the ordinary people support La Fronde?

A

Mazarin taxed them in the 30 years war they fought in

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9
Q

What does Louis never forget?

A

The nobles who threatened his soveriegnty

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10
Q

What was Louis’ primary mission?

A

Control the nobles

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11
Q

Why did Louis coin the Fleur-de-lys?

A

To challenge the power of the pope as a divine being

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12
Q

What did the Fleur-de-lys symbolize?

A

Allegiance to the king; not the nobility

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13
Q

Why did Louis choose a symbol instead of a motto?

A

Peasants can’t read

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14
Q

What did Versailles symbolize?

A

Wealth and power of the state, especially over the nobility

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15
Q

What is the name of the grand entrance to Versailles?

A

Hall of Mirrors

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16
Q

What was Louis’ vision of France?

A

Grand, fertile, well organized, divine

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17
Q

Why did Louis create the Courtiers?

A

A mechanism to organize and build power

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18
Q

What is the Estates General?

A

The assembly of nobles who make political decisions

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19
Q

Why are the nobles of the Estates General angry with Louis?

A

He never calls a session since he only “had” to for raising taxes

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20
Q

How did Louis treat the nobles?

A

He loved forcing them into his court for enagement, pitting them against each other, and insulting/humiliating them

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21
Q

What is Patronage?

A

Paying homage to the king through humiliating acts

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22
Q

What are Incentives and Indendants?

A

Representatives sent to the provinces to challenge the noble authority, maintain order, and enforce the king’s laws

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23
Q

How were Intendants appointed?

A

Favors, not merit

24
Q

What was the message Louis wanted to send with the intendants?

A

The King is Everywhere

25
What was the issue with the Indendants
They enforced laws differently and unevenly across the provinces
26
What was Louis' perspective on religion in his regime?
He favored Catholics because it established a church hierarchy he could control.
27
How did Louis extend Catholic control?
Repealed the Edict of Nantes in 1685
28
What was the effect of repealing the Edict of Nantes?
Eliminated protestant freedom: no public acts, churchs, schools... exile for violators
29
What was Louis' view on Bureaucracy?
He viewed it as an annoyance; he wanted no checks on his power
30
What was Louis' view on armed conflict?
He wanted to expand France
31
How did Louis view war on his economy?
Constant war means constant money from increased taxes
32
How were absolute France and Russia similar?
Unlimited power, fighting nobles, central bureaucracy, military might
33
How were absolute France and Russia different?
Russia was much bigger than France, Russia had many cultures, languages, and Religions
34
How was Louis different from Peter the Great?
Peter was not ostentacious like Louis
35
Who preceeded Peter the Great?
Azar Alexi
36
What was Alexi's main contribution to Russia?
Taxes and administrative structure
37
What was the congregation of noble delegates known as in Alexi's Russia?
Assembly of the Land
38
What was the New Law Code?
Strict social and political hierarchy established by Alexi
39
What did the Law Code do?
Assigned everyone to a social class based on their ocupation and the needs of the state
40
What was the name of the slaves and peasants social class?
Serf Class
41
How did Alexi check the noble power?
Required military service and pledges to serve the Tsar
42
What was Peter the Great's main goal for Russia?
To westernize it
43
How was Peter the Great different from Alexi and Louis?
He befriends the nobles and encourages court alliances
44
How did Peter the Great respond to rumors about his son's plot?
He was arrested and executed
45
How did Peter the Great try to establish western culture?
Western dress, freshly shaved, tobacco
46
What is St. Petersburg?
Much like Versailles but for Russia
47
What direaction did St. Petersburg face? Why?
West; Faces Russia's future
48
What was the Code of 1649?
Intricate system for organizing nobles and political power in Russia
49
What are the three branches of the Code of 1649?
Military, Judiciary, and Civil
50
Who kept Russia running under Peter the Great's reign?
Educated Bureaucrats
51
What did Peter the Great value for his people?
Education
52
How did Peter the Great advance education?
Noble boys attend until 15, Academy of Sciences, and Universities for state function
53
How did Peter the Great pay for his education advancements?
poll taxes per capita on the serfs and taxes on luxury goods for the nobles
54
What economic system did Peter the Great prefer?
Mercantlism
55
How did Peter the Great implement Mercantilism?
200 new state manufacturers, transportation infrastructure, and tarrifs on foreign goods

History (4 decks)

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