constitutional and other bodies Flashcards

Question

Composition of NCLT?

Answer 1

NCLT shall consist of a President and such number of Judicial and Technical Members as may be required NCLT has 16 benches, 6 of them in New Delhi, one of which is the Principle Bench NCLT bench is chaired by a Judicial member who is supposed to be a retired or a serving High Court Judge and a Technical member who must be from the Indian Corporate Law Service, ICLS Cadre.

Answer 2

1. constituted by the Central Government as an autonomous body under the administrative control of the Central Government in pursuance of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 2. under administrative control of MoWR 3. for the administration, regulation, maintenance and operation of such projects on the rivers Krishna and Godavari respectively, as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time 4. Board shall consist of a Chairperson, of the level of an additional Secretary to the Government of India from the Central Water Engineering (Group ‘A’) Service; two Members nominated by each of the successor States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and one expert.

Answer 3

1. TRAI) is a statutory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 2. It consists of a Chairperson and not more than two full-time members and not more than two part-time members. 3. The TRAI Act was amended by an ordinance, effective from 24 January 2000, establishing a Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) to take over the adjudicatory and disputes functions from TRAI.

Answer 4

1. In 1964, the govt brought in the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order 1964. 2. Composition: Advocates not below the age of 35 years of age with at least 7 years of practice (or) Retired Judicial Officers from the Assam Judicial Service (or) Retired IAS of ACS Officers (not below the rank of Secretary/Addl. Secretary) having experience in quasi-judicial works. 3. MHA) has amended the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964, and has empowered district magistrates in all States and Union Territories to set up tribunals (quasi-judicial bodies) to decide whether a person staying illegally in India is a foreigner or not. Earlier, the powers to constitute tribunals were vested only with the Centre. 4. Foreigners Tribunals have been established only in Assam 5. Typically, the tribunals there have seen two kinds of cases: those concerning persons against whom a reference has been made by the border police and those whose names in the electoral roll has a “D”, or “doubtful”, marked against them. 6. The amended order (Foreigners (Tribunal) Order, 2019) also empowers individuals to approach the Tribunals. Earlier, only the State administration could move the Tribunal against a suspect.

Answer 5

1. established by an Act of Parliament in 1963 under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. 2. It has many regional centres to provide the financial assistance to Cooperatives/Societies/Federations. 3. FPO is a Producer Organisation (PO) where the members are farmers. Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)is providing support for the promotion of FPOs.

Answer 6

1) Kargil review committee headed by K. Subramanyam ; fleshed out in detail in 2001 as under recommendation by a GoM on National security; Naresh chandra committee (2012) recommended a 'top military advisor' as a Permanent chairman of Chiefs of staff committee 1) function: (i) ensure cood bet 3 services, esp in matters of defence procurement (will be a member of Defence Min headed Defence procurement council) (ii) will head the newly formed Deptt of military affairs, and thus called a 'dual hatted role' (iii) helping in force restructuring to bring in savings and operational synergy (iv) see to requirements of the 3 services in Budgetary allocations (v) a pre-testing for a future joint theatre command (vi) provide military advice to the govt (principal military adviser but not the sole adviser) (vii) will oversee five tri-services commands: integrated command at A&N and strategic command (missiles) and three recently constituted :cyber, space and special forces. The CDS will also function as the **military advisor to the PM-led Nuclear Command Authority**,as also have direct command of tri-Service organizations to handle the new **warfare domains of space and cyberspace.** (viii) will be a member of NSC (ix) take up some responsibilities of Defence secy who used to be a civilian, however given the rank of Cabinet Secy. (x) The CDS will be member of Defence Acquisition Council and Defence Planning Committee. 2) Not the commander of all armed forces in the country, but equal in rank of all the othr chiefs of staff i.e. 4 star general. CDS acts as the permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee which will also have three service chiefs as members. 3) will not exercise any military command, incl over any of military chiefs.; at par with the three service chiefs; only head of the tri-services committee, that earlier used to be headed by the oldest serving member by rotation; however, DMA will also handle promotion, posting and disciplinary matters and thus indirect influence. ● Not eligible to hold any Government office after demitting the office of CDS. ● No private employment without prior approval for a period of five years after demitting the office of CDS.

Answer 7

4 already existing deptts 1) Deptt of Defence-headed by Defence secy 2) deptt of defence production 3) Deptt of defence R&D 4) deptt of ex-servicemen welfare New deptt created- Deptt of military affairs (DMA)-headed by CDS Deptt of Defence will be responsible for defence of India and defence policy and all such acts conducive in times of war.

Answer 8

Work exclusively pertaining to military matters will fall within DMA while larger issues pertaining to defencewillbe seen by DoD. eg. tri-service military training insti will fall under DMA while org like IDSA and NDC, whose remit are broader than military matters, will be handled by DoD.

Answer 9

Armed forces and their service hqrs are attched offices, earlier to DoD, but now to DMA

Answer 10

**Central Adoption Resource Authority** (CARA) is an **apex** body of Government of India for promoting and facilitating In-country Adoption and is the **designated Central Authority for regulating Inter-countryAdoption.** CARA was designated as a Statutory Body on 15 Jan **2016**, under the provisions of **Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.**

Answer 11

Chhatisgarh

Answer 12

It is a central agency to investigate and prosecute offences: ● affecting the sovereignty, security and integrity of India, security of State, friendly relations with foreign States. ● against atomic and nuclear facilities. ● smuggling in High-Quality Counterfeit Indian Currency. It is also the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency. ● It is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states. ● Established under the National Investigation Agency Act 2008. ● Works under the Ministry of Hime Affairs. Jurisdiction: ● A State Government may request the Central Government to hand over the investigation of a case to the NIA, provided the case has been registered for the offences as contained in the schedule to the NIA Act. ● Central Government can also order NIA to take over investigation of any scheduled offense anywhere in the India. Composition: Officers of the NIA are drawn from the Indian Police Service and Indian Revenue Service. Special NIA Courts: ● Various Special Courts have been notified by the Central Government of India. ● Any question as to the jurisdiction of these courts is decided by the Central Government. ● These are presided over by a judge appointed by the Central Government on the recommendation of the Chief Justice of the High Court with jurisdiction in that region. ● Supreme Court of India has also been empowered to transfer the cases from one special court to any other special court within or outside the state. Powers: The NIA Special Courts are empowered with all powers of the court of sessions under Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 for trial of any offense. Appeals: An appeal from any judgement, sentence or order, not being an interlocutory order, of a Special Court lies to the High Court both on facts and on law. State Governments have also been empowered to appoint one or more such special courts in their states.

Answer 13

**Framework provided in TCEPF Regulations of 2007** * It offers a **basic framework for depositing unclaimed money of consumers by service providers**, maintenance of the fund and other aspects. * It provides a time of 12 months or period of limitation specified under law whichever is later, after which unclaimed consumer money should be deposited to the fund. * The income from the fund is **utilised for programmes and activities relating to consumer education and protection.** It **includes unclaimed/nonrefundable** **money on account of excess billing revealed in the audit, unclaimed money such as security deposits and plan charges of failed activations.**

Answer 14

1. only 4% of cmoplaints sent to NHRC or SHRC ended up as FIRs 2. The value stood at 7% for Comm for SCs, 5% fro Comm of STs and 5% of Comm for women. Children welfare Boards/commissions had a success rate of 20%

Answer 15

APEDA was established by GoI under APEDA act, 1985 mandated with the responsibility of export promotion and development of the following scheduled products 1. fruits, vegetables and their products 2. meat, meat products, poultry and products 3. dairy products 4. Confectionery, Biscuits and Bakery Products. 5. Honey, Jaggery and Sugar Products. 6. Cocoa and its products, chocolates of all kinds. 7. Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages. 8. Cereal and Cereal Products. 9. Groundnuts, Peanuts and Walnuts. 10. Pickles, Papads and Chutneys. 11. Guar gum 12. Floriculture and Floriculture Products. 13. Herbal and Medicinal Plants. composition: * Chairman – Appointed by the CG * Director – Appointed by APEDA. * Secretary – Appointed by the CG

Answer 16

1. established by UGC 2. **to assess and accredit institution of higher learning** in the country. 3. The NAAC was **originally formed in 1992 as a result of recommendations from ‘National Policy on Education – 1986’** which emphasizes on deteriorating quality of higher education in the country. 4. Functions: The NAAC **certifies institutions of higher learning** (Colleges, Universities, Institutes, etc) in the country; however, it **does not include the institutes providing technical education.** 5. It is an **autonomous** organisation

Answer 17

established by PNGRB Act, 2005, to regulate downstream activities in the petroleum and natural gas sector PNGRB shall regulate the laying and expanding of (a) transmission pipelines for gas and petroleum and (b) city/ local gas distribution networks Entities will have to register with the PNGRB to market petroleum products and natural gas, operate LNG terminals and establish storage facilities beyond specified capacity PNGRB will monitor PNG prices and can take corrective measures to prevent restrictive trade practice by the entities The PNGRB will have the same powers as a civil court to settle disputes. The Appellate Tribunal under the Electricity Act will serve as the Appellate Tribunal for this Act

Answer 18

set up to advise the central government to create a strong ecosystem to nurture innovation and start-ups in India. Composition 1. chaired by Minster for Commerce & Industry. 2. It will consist of the non-official members, to be nominated by Central Government, from various categories like founders of successful startups, veterans and persons capable of representing interests of incubators and accelerators etc. 3. term of the non-official members of the Startup Advisory Council will be for a period of two years. 4. The nominees of the concerned Ministries/Departments/Organisations, not below the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India, will be ex-officio members of the Council. 5. Joint Secretary, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade will be the Convener of the Council.

Answer 19

The Energy and Resources Institute It is a leading think tank dedicated to conducting research for sustainable development of India and the Global South. established in 1974 as an information centre on energy issues. However, over the following decades, it made a mark as a research institute, whose policy and technology solutions transformed people’s lives and the environment.

Answer 20

1. Indian National commission fr Cooperation with UNESCO 2. Initially Setup in 1949, it is a governmental body functioning under the Department of Secondary and Higher Education in MHRD. A permanent Commission was established in 1951. 3. The Constitution of the UNESCO mandates each member to form a national commission to function as agencies of liaison between the national government and UNESCO. 4. The objective of the Commission is to advise the Government in matters relating to the UNESCO. 5. Composition: Presided by MHRD; Secy to GoI in Deptt of Higher Education is the Secy-General of the Commission

Answer 21

1. the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity was constituted in the year 2005 to hear appeals against the orders of the adjudicating officer or the Central and State Electricity Regulatory Commissions under the Electricity Act, 2003 2. second appeal lies before SC 3. In 2007, the APTEL was designated as the Appellate Tribunal to hear the appeals against the orders of PNGRB 4. Besides regular appellate power, APTEL has a superintending role over regulators for performance of its statutory functions under the Electricity Act, 2003. Composition: * comprises a Chairperson who has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or Chief Justice of a High Court, * one Judicial Member who has been or qualified to be a judge of High Court, * two Technical Members who are electricity sector experts and * one Technical Member who is an expert from petroleum and natural gas sector.

Answer 22

1. created by The Commission for Air Quality Management in the National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Act 2021 2. The monitoring and management of air quality in the Delhi-NCR region has been done in pieces by multiple bodies, including the CPCB, the state PCBs, the state govts in the region, including Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, and the EPCA 3. They in turn are monitored y MoEFCC and SC which monitors air pollution as per the judgment in ‘M C Mehta vs Union of India’ case in 1988. 4. The Act however, seeks to create an overarching body to consolidate all monitoring bodies, and to bring them on one platform so that air quality management can be carried out in a more comprehensive, efficient, and time-bound manner. 5. The Centre also seeks to relieve the Supreme Court from having to constantly monitor pollution levels through various cases.

Answer 23

1. It will be an overarching body to consolidate all monitoring bodies, and to bring them on one platform so that air quality management can be carried out in a more comprehensive, efficient, and time-bound manner. 2. it will replace EPCA which had been running for 22 years. While dissolving the body, the Centre felt that the EPCA had become redundant and had been ineffective in addressing issues related to air pollution. The EPCA also did not have penal provisions that the commission will now have. 3. The Commission is the most powerful air pollution monitoring body set up by the Centre to date. The rulings by the commission on air pollution will override anything contained in any other law and its powers will supercede that of any other body in matters of air pollution 4. The Commission will have the power to take measures, issue directions and entertain complaints “for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality of air in NCR 5. It will also coordinate action taken by states on air pollution 6. It will lay down parameters for air quality and emission or discharge of environmental pollutants. 7. It will also have powers to restrict industries in any area, carry out random inspections of any premises including factories and be able to close down an industry or cut its power and water supply in case of non-compliance. 8. It will also be monitoring the measures taken by the states to prevent stubble burning. 9. Act further says that no civil court will have jurisdiction to entertain any suit, proceeding or dispute pertaining to or arising out of the actions taken or directions issued by the commission 10. orders of the commission can only be contested before the National Green Tribunal

Answer 24

* will be headed by a full-time chairperson with experience of not less than 15 years in the field of environmental protection and pollution control or having administrative experience of not less than 25 years. * members * an official from the Environment Ministry, * five ex-officio members who are either chief secretaries or secretaries from Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, * one full-time member who is or has been a joint secretary, * three full-time independent technical members who are experts in air pollution, * one technical member each from the CPCB and ISRO, * three members fromNGOs who deal in air pollution and * one representative of the NITI Aayog * The commission will also have three members, being stakeholders from sectors such as agriculture, industry, transport or construction apart from representatives of several ministries, including Road Transport and Highways, Min of agri etc.

Answer 25

1. Environmentalists have raised concerns over the concentration of power with the Central Government. 2. They have also criticized the overwhelming number of bureaucrats in the commission, with “only a token representation” of environmental bodies and non-governmental groups. 3. While clause 14 excludes farming community from penalties (strictest in any env law in India) for stubble burning, the very next clause says that the commission “may impose and collect environmental compensation from farmers causing air pollution by stubble burning, at such rate and in such manner, as may be prescribed".

Answer 26

wage employment can be defined as 'a mutual agreement between two parties (known as employer and employee) in which the employee (generally an individual) agrees to work for the employer (generally a business firm, government office or sometimes an individual) under some specific terms and conditions

Answer 27

Rights and Entitlements 1. application 2. obtaining a job card 3. choice of time and duration of work applied for 4. Getting work **within fifteen days** of application or from the date when work is sought 5. Facilities of crèche, drinking water, first aid etc., on the work site. 6. Right to get 10 per cent extra wage in case of employment provided beyond 5 km of radius. 7. workers are entitled to payment on a weekly basis, and in any case within a fortnight of the date on which work was done. 8. Right to get unemployment allowance; in case employment is not provided within fifteen days 9. Right to receive payment of compensation for the delay, at the rate of 0.05 per cent of the unpaid wages per day beyond the sixteenth day 10. Medical treatment in case of injury in the course of employment including cost of hospitalisation if required and ex gratia payment in case of disability or death in the course of employment.

Answer 28

It determines the order of priority of works in the meetings of the Gram Sabha Monitor the execution of works within the GP. It is the primary forum for conduct of social audits. It provides a platform to all residents to seek and obtain all relevant information from all the Implementing Agencies including GP in relation to MGNREGA works implemented in the GP area.

Answer 29

* registration * issuing job cards * Allotting work within fifteen days * Conducting periodical surveys to assess demand for work * Identification and planning of works, developing shelf of projects including determination of the order of their priority. * Prepare annually a report containing the facts and figures and achievements * Monitoring implementation at the village level * Organise Rozgar Diwas at every ward and Gram Panchayat level at least once a month.

Answer 30

Set up the SEGC Set up a State level MGNREGS implementation agency/ mission and a State level MGNREGS social audit agency/directorate Establish and operate a State Employment Guarantee Fund (SEGF)

Answer 31

* It is an umbrella body for the ordnance factories and related institutions, and is currently a subordinate office of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). * The first Indian ordnance factory was set up in the year 1712 by the Dutch Company as a GunPowder Factory, West Bengal. * It is a conglomerate of 41 factories, 9 training Institutes, 3 regional marketing centres and 5 regional controllers of safety. * Headquarters: Kolkata * Significance: A major chunk of the weapon, ammunition and supplies for not just armed forces but also paramilitary and police forces comes from the OFB-run factories. * Production includes: Civilian and military-grade arms and ammunition, explosives, propellants and chemicals for missile systems, military vehicles, armoured vehicles, optical devices, parachutes, support equipment, troop clothing and general store items.

Answer 32

* 41 factories across the country will be dissolved into seven new Defence PSUs * The newly created entities will be 100% owned by the government. * These entities will be responsible for different verticals of the products for eg. the Ammunition and Explosives group will be engaged in production of ammunition while a Vehicles group will engage in production of defence mobility and combat vehicles. * All OFB employees in the production units will be transferred to the new corporate entities on a deemed deputation initially for a period of two years without altering their service conditions as central government employees. * Pension liabilities of the retirees and existing employees will continue to be borne by the government.

Answer 33

recommended in one or the other form by at least three expert committees on defence reforms set up in the last two decades — the TKS Nair Committee (2000), Vijay Kelkar Committee (2005), and Vice Admiral Raman Puri Committee (2015). A fourth committee, constituted by former Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar and chaired by Lt Gen D B Shekatkar, did not suggest corporatisation, but recommended regular audits of all ordnance units considering past performance.

Answer 34

1. central argument has been that corporatisation, which will bring these entities under the purview of The Companies Act, would lead to improvements in efficiency, make products cost-competitive, and enhance their quality. 2. A performance evaluation by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) in its report for 2019 on the OFB highlights a few issues: * Overheads (expenses not directly attributed to creating a product or service) constitute a staggering 33% of the overall allotted budget for the year. The major contributors being supervision costs and indirect labour costs. * Delayed Production: The Ordnance factories achieved production targets for only 49% of the items. * More than half the inventory (52%) was store-in-hand, procured for manufacture but not used within the year by the factories. 3. Functioning directly under the Ministry of Defence, the OFB and its factories could not retain profits, and thus had no incentive to work towards increasing them 4. The Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, also calls for the Corporatisation of OFB for: ‘improving autonomy, accountability and efficiency in ordnance suppliers’. 5. It will allow these companies autonomy as well as help improve accountability and efficiency. 6. will help to deepen their specialisation in product range

Answer 35

**constituted in 2018** by the Government of India **under section 132 (1) of the Companies Act, 2013.** It is an **audit regulator.** decision to constitute the NFRA was taken after the role of auditors and the [**ICAI**](https://www.drishtiias.com/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/icai-nfra) came under the scanner for alleged lapses in various corporate scams including that at PNB * **Composition:** chairperson, who shall be a person of eminence and having expertise in accountancy, auditing, finance or law, appointed by the CG and other members **not exceeding 15.** * **Functions and Duties:** * **Recommends accounting and auditing policies and standards** to be adopted by companies for approval by the Central Government. * **Monitor and enforce compliance** with accounting standards and auditing standards. * **Oversee the quality of service of the professions** associated with ensuring compliance with such standards and suggest measures for improvement in the quality of service. * Protect the **public interest.** * **Powers:** * It can **undertake investigation** related to the following class of companies and bodies corporate called **Public Interest Entities:** * Companies whose **securities are listed on any stock exchange** in India or outside India. * **Unlisted public companies** having paid-up capital of not less than **Rs. 500 crores** or having annual turnover of **not less than Rs. 1,000 crores** or having, in aggregate, outstanding loans, debentures and deposits of **not less than Rs. 500 crores** as on the **31^st March** of immediately preceding financial year. * **Insurance companies, banking companies,** companies engaged in the generation or supply of **electricity.** * It can investigate professional misconduct committed by members of ICAI * Where **professional or other misconduct** is proved, it has the power to make order for imposing penalty of— * **not less than one lakh rupees,** but which may extend to five times of the fees received, in case of **individuals;** and * **not less than ten lakh rupees,** but which may extend to ten times of the fees received, in case of **firms.** * Its **account** is **monitored by the CAG**

Answer 36

It is the statutory regulatory body for zoos in India. It was established in 1992 under WPA. * The main objective of the Authority is to complement and strengthen the national effort in conservation of the rich biodiversity of the country, particularly the fauna as per **the National Zoo Policy, 1998.** **Important functions:** 1. It enforces minimum standards and norms for the upkeep and healthcare of animals in Indian zoos. 2. Every zoo in the country is required to obtain recognition from CZA for its operation. 3. It can also de-recognise zoos.

Answer 37

* It is a **specialized financial investigation agency** under the **Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.** * On **1^st May 1956,** an ‘Enforcement Unit’ was formed in the Department of Economic Affairs for handling Exchange Control Laws violations under **Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947.** In 1957, it was renamed as ‘Enforcement Directorate’. * ED enforces the following laws: * [**Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.**](https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/liberalised-remittance-scheme) * Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. Dec 2021: Union Government has brought in two ordinances allowing the service of the directors of the Enforcement Directorate (ED) and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to be extended beyond their fixed tenure of at least two years up to a maximum of five years. ● The extension can be given only one year at a time. That is, after a fixed two-year tenure, they may get three annual extensions. **_the changes to the tenure of the ED Director was brought in by amending the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003._**

Answer 38

CBI is governed by [**the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act**](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/10/27/rajya-sabha-tv-in-depth-cbi-central-bureau-of-investigation/&ved=2ahUKEwiv75Hn69_zAhV3yzgGHSg5Bo8QFnoECAYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3g29UdjeJaM1FA8Qe0UCSG) that makes **consent of a state government mandatory for conducting investigation in that state.** Given that the CBI has jurisdiction only over central government departments and employees, it **can investigate a case involving state government employees or a violent crime in a given state only after that state government gives its consent.** **There are two kinds of consent: Case-specific and general. “General consent”** is normally given to help the CBI seamlessly conduct its investigation into cases of corruption against central government employees in the concerned state. In exercise of power conferred by **Section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946,** the state governments can withdraw the general consent accorded. Withdrawal of consent means that CBI officers will lose all powers of a police officer as soon as they enter the state unless the state government has allowed them. However, The CBI would still have the power to investigate old cases registered when general consent existed. Also, cases registered anywhere else in the country, but involving people stationed in states which have withdrawn consent, would allow CBI’s jurisdiction to extend to these states.

Answer 39

A suit was filed by the West Bengal Government against the Union of India under [**Article 131 of the Constitution**](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.insightsonindia.com/2020/01/16/centre-state-disputes-and-article-131/&ved=2ahUKEwiY9rzW69_zAhWazTgGHY1uAR8QFnoECAcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3uHPLIdM6HKPT7b6okc3Ob)**.** * The State has challenged **the CBI’s jurisdiction to register FIRs and conduct investigations in the State** in myriad cases. * West Bengal said it had withdrawn **“general consent” to the CBI** way back in 2018. * The State said the CBI’s actions were a direct attack on the federal structure of governance and aimed to harass ruling party * Centre's response * State governments do not have any “absolute” power to keep [**the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)**](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.insightsonindia.com/2019/08/15/cbi-autonomy/&ved=2ahUKEwi-oKHe69_zAhWFzjgGHQYrAtsQFnoECAUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3ihBDnaF4A2TN5oxPdNNJe) from investigating crimes inside the State. * Not even the Union government”, has the authority to rattle the autonomy of the premier agency to conduct investigations. * Also, withdrawal of general consent would not stand in the way of constitutional courts entrusting the CBI with the cases “where it is found that the State Police would not effectively conduct a fair and impartial investigation”. * Besides, the CBI was empowered to probe cases concerning any of the Central subjects enumerated in the Union List in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.

Answer 40

Foreigners’ Tribunals are **quasi-judicial bodies** established as per the Foreigners’ Tribunal Order, 1964 and the Foreigners’ Act, 1946. **Composition**: Advocates not below the age of 35 years of age with at least 7 years of practice (or) Retired Judicial Officers from the Assam Judicial Service (or) Retired IAS of ACS Officers (not below the rank of Secretary/Addl. Secretary) having experience in quasi-judicial works. **Who can setup these tribunals?** * The MHA has amended the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964, and has empowered **district magistrates in all States and Union Territories to set up tribunals (quasi-judicial bodies)** to decide whether a person staying illegally in India is a foreigner or not. * Earlier, the powers to constitute tribunals were vested only with the Centre. The Centre has the power to deport foreign nationals staying illegally in the country under Section 3(2)(c) of The Foreigners Act, 1946. State governments have also been entrusted under Article 258(1) of the Constitution to take similar steps. **Who can approach?** * The amended order (Foreigners (Tribunal) Order, 2019) also empowers **individuals to approach the Tribunals.** * Earlier, only the State administration could move the Tribunal against a suspect.

Answer 41

F Also in Goa, RJ, KN; further, other states like PJ, Mh, WB and Kerala also have plans in this regard

Answer 42

* Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, was founded in 1961 by the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. * **Role:** Arranging, conducting and analysing the results of the demographic surveys of India including Census of India and Linguistic Survey of India. * The position of Registrar is usually held by a civil servant holding the rank of Joint Secretary.

Answer 43

To counter corruption and speed up decision- making in military procurement, the government of India in 2001 decided to set up an integrated DAC. * It is **headed by the Defence Minister.** * The DAC is responsible to give policy guidelines to acquisitions, based on long-term procurement plans. It also clears all acquisitions, which includes both imported and those produced indigenously or under a foreign license.

Answer 44

● National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) is a trust set up by the Ministry of Commerce and administered by Export Credit & Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC). ● NEIA Trust was established in 2006 to promote project exports from India that are of strategic and national importance. Insures **credit and political insurance.** ● NEIA provides additional support to the insurance cover provided by ECGC for project exports Objectives: The National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) Trust aims to ensure the availability of credit risk cover for projects and other high-value exports, which are desirable from the point of view of national interest, but which ECGC is unable to underwrite due to capacity constraints or at terms, which are different from its regular policies. What does it do? ● The NEIA Trust promotes **Medium and Long Term (MLT) /project exports** by extending (**partial/full) support to covers issued by ECGC to MLT/project export.** ● It also **supports to Exim Bank for Buyer’s Credit (BC-NEIA) tied to project exports** from India. **_Step taken by GOI recently_**: Government approves **continuation** of the National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) scheme and infusion of Rs. 1,650 crore Grant-in-Aid over 5 years. Significance of recent move of Government: The capital infusion in NEIA Trust will help the Indian Project Exporters (IPE) to tap the huge potential of project exports in focus market. ● Support to project exports with Indian content sourced from across the country will enhance the manufacturing in India. ● Corpus contribution of ₹1,650 Crore will enhance the underwriting capacity of the Trust. ● It will enable NEIA to **support project exports worth ₹33,000 Crore at full capacity utilization**. ● In turn this support will translate into an **estimated output of domestically manufactured goods to the tune of ₹25,000 Crore approximately.** **_NEIA- Performance highlights_**: ● NEIA supports projects which are **commercially viable** and are strategically important. ● The **corpus commitment of GOI is Rs.4000 crore and Maximum Liability Permissible is 20 times** of the actual corpus. ● Since inception, NEIA has extended **213 covers, with a consolidated project value of Rs. 53,000 crores, to 52 countries** as of 31st August 2021. ● Its impact in enabling project exports has been most significant in Africa and South Asia.

Answer 45

* EXIM stands for Export-Import * Export-Import Bank of India is a **wholly owned Govt. of India entity** * Established in **1982** * **Aim :** financing, facilitating and promoting foreign trade of India. * The EXIM bank extends Line of Credit (loC) to overseas financial institutions, regional development banks, sovereign governments and other entities abroad. * Thus the EXIM Banks enables buyers in those countries to import developmental and infrastructure, equipment’s, goods and services from India on deferred credit terms. * The bank also facilitates investment by Indian companies abroad for setting up joint ventures, subsidiaries or overseas acquisitions.

Answer 46

**INTACH**) is a non-profit charitable organisation registered under the [Societies Registration Act, 1860](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societies_Registration_Act,_1860). established in 1984 Among the tasks undertaken by INTACH are * restoration of monuments and their management; * advocacy for heritage property conservation; public awareness through heritage walks and buses; * establishment of heritage clubs in schools; * and holding of awareness workshop for teachers of schools and colleges and heritage walks to various unprotected sites

Answer 47

D ## Footnote The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office only through impeachment by Parliament. If elections are being held only for the Parliament, the expenditure is borne entirely by the Union Government while for the elections being held only for the State Legislature, the expenditure is borne entirely by the concerned State. In case of simultaneous elections to the Parliament and State Legislature, the expenditure is shared equally between the Union and the State Governments. For Capital equipment, expenditure related to preparation for electoral rolls and the scheme for Electors' Identity Cards too, the expenditure is shared equally

Answer 48

B ## Footnote Statutory Grants Article 275 empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistance and not to every state. Also, different sums may be fixed for different states. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. These sums are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India every year. The statutory grants under Article 275 (both general and specific) are given to the states on the recommendation of the Finance Commission. Discretionary Grants Article 282 empowers both the Centre and the states to make any grants for any public purpose, even if it is not within their respective legislative competence. “These grants are also known as discretionary grants, the reason being that the Centre is under no obligation to give these grants and the matter lies within its discretion.

Answer 49

The National Commission for Women was set up as statutory body in January 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990 to: • review the Constitutional and Legal safeguards for women; • recommend remedial legislative measures; • facilitate redressal of grievances and advise the Government on all policy matters affecting women. It is an advisory body, not a court. It can attend to grievances but only recommend action, and not order punishments.

Answer 50

* In **1986** (based on recommendations of the **Tandon Committee**, MHA Taskforce and National Police Commission (1977)) * It acts under the **Ministry of Home Affairs**and functions as a repository of information on crime and criminals so as to assist the investigators in **linking crime to the perpetrators**. * NCRB looks after **CCTNS** (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems) and **Central Finger Print Bureau** * **It released reports:** Crimes in India, Prison Statistics in India and Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India.