Constituents

Question 1

Major classes of constituents (5)?

Answer 1

1. Carbs
2. Lipids
3. Phenolics
4. Terpenoids
5. Alkaloids

Question 2

inulin, arabinogalactins, beta-glucans, gum & mucilage belong to which major class?

Answer 2

carbs

Question 3

Alkaloids & FAs being to what major class?

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

Salicylates, coumarin, flavonoids, isoflavones, lignins, quinones & tennis belong to what major class

Answer 4

phenolics

Question 5

volatile oils, resins, saponins, phytosterols, carotenoids, glycosides & iridsids belong to what major class?

Answer 5

Terpenoids

Question 6

Isoquinoline & pyrrolizidine belong to what major class?

Answer 6

Alkoloids

Question 7

yellow brown pigments that occur mainly as glucoside that stimulate laxatives effects (inc. peristalsis)

Answer 7

Anthraquinones

Question 8

cascara, Senna, aleo latex, turkey rhubarb

Answer 8

Anthraquinones

Question 9

a group of polysaccharides that form a gel like consistency with water.

Answer 9

Mucilage

Question 10

Demulcnet
Emollient
Anti-inflammatory
Vulnerary

Answer 10

Mucilage

Question 11

Toning and tightening effects due to the ability to precipitate proteins & decrease secretions.

Answer 11

Tannins

Question 12

Found in parts of plants that shed (leaves, fruit, bark)

Answer 12

Tannins

Question 13

Astringent & antimicrobial

Answer 13

Tannins

Question 14

meadowsweet,
green/black tea
(tannins)

Answer 14

GI tract

Question 15

Horsetail & uva ursi (tannins)

Answer 15

kidneys

Question 16

plantain (tannins)

Answer 16

lungs

Question 17

Horsechestnut,
yarrow,
blueberry/bilberry (tannins)

Answer 17

Cardiovascular system

Question 18

Shepards pie & red raspberry (tannins)

Answer 18

Female reproductive system

Question 19

Horsechestnut & witch hazel (tannins)

Answer 19

Skin & connective tissue

Question 20

Tannin safety (3)?

Answer 20

1. inappropriate for constipation, iron deficiency & malnutrition
2. Don’t take with other meds (decrease absorption)
3. White hazel (hydroyzable tannins) = topical use only

Question 21

A group of simple phenolics with salicin, methyl salicylate & salicylic acid that ease pain & reduce inflammation.

Answer 21

Salicylates

Question 22

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Anti-pyretic, Febrifuge

Answer 22

Salicylates

Question 23

Salicylates safety (3)

Answer 23

1. high doses = ototoxic
2. toxic overdose = salicylism = nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, dizziness
3. avoid in allergies

Question 24

number of constituents together with bitter taste that stimulate digestive.

Answer 24

bitters

Question 25

wormwood, gentian, oregano grap, dandelion, bitter greens

Answer 25

bitters

Question 26

hepatics, alteratives, stimulates appetite, liver detoxification, regulars blood sugar, mild laxative

Answer 26

bitters

Question 27

Bitter safety?

Answer 27

avoid use with IBS, diarrhea, pregnant, kidney stones, acute gallbladder disease, reflux, hernia

Question 28

C skeleton with 2 substituted benzene rings. In leaves, fruit & flowers

Answer 28

Flavonoids

Question 29

Marigold (calendula), green/black tea, hawthorn, turmeric, chamomile, bilberry, blueberry

Answer 29

flavonoids

Question 30

Anti-oxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, vascular tone

Answer 30

flavonoids

Question 31

aromatic herbs. Complex mix of over 100 compounds. help NS, RS, DS & CS.

Answer 31

Volatile oils

Question 32

Carminatives, Rubefacients, Nerving stimulants, Nervine relaxants, Anti-microbial

Answer 32

volatile oils

Question 33

Volatile oil safety?

Answer 33

most should not be used internally & contraindicated internally in pregnancy

Question 34

Steroid or triterpene fat soluble base joined with water-soluble sugar molecule. "soap like"

Answer 34

Saponins

Question 35

Wild yam, liquorice, ginseng

Answer 35

saponins

Question 36

Stimulating expectorant, anti-Catarrhal, Anti-inflammatory, Adpaotogen

Answer 36

saponins

Question 37

Saponin Safety? (2)

Answer 37

1. may irritate mucous membranes 2. may have hemolytic properties.

Question 38

mixed group of substituents with N bearing molecule. Common in flowering plants. Strong effects on NS.

Answer 38

alkoloids

Question 39

deadly nightshade, lobelia, chocolate

Answer 39

alkaloids

Question 40

Psychotropic/hallucinogenic

Answer 40

alkaloids

Question 41

passionflower, peyote, psilocybin sp (alkaloids)

Answer 41

indoles

Question 42

Coffee, tea (alkaloids)

Answer 42

Purine

Question 42

corydalis, california poppy, Oregon grape, goldenseal (alkaloids)

Answer 42

Isoquinoline

Question 43

Alkaloid safety (2)?

Answer 43

1. contraindicated in pregnancy 2. must adhere to dosage - toxicity

Question 44

often occur in glycosidic form.

Answer 44

Coumarins

Question 45

vanilla like odour

Answer 45

simple coumarin

Question 46

coumarin derivatives?

Answer 46

1. hydroxycoumarin 2. puranocoumarin 3. pyranocoumarin

Question 47

anti-inflammatory anti-microbial antispasmodic edema modifiers/ lymphatics

Answer 47

coumarin

Question 48

polyphenolic indigestible plant fibers, metabolized by intestinal microbiota

Answer 48

lignans

Question 49

milk thistle, schisandra, flax seeds

Answer 49

lignans

Question 50

Phytoestrogenic, Nephro-hepatoprotective, adaptogenic antimicrobial

Answer 50

lignans