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BOT100 > Constituents > Flashcards

Constituents Flashcards

1
Q

Major classes of constituents (5)?

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Lipids
  3. Phenolics
  4. Terpenoids
  5. Alkaloids
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2
Q

inulin, arabinogalactins, beta-glucans, gum & mucilage belong to which major class?

A

carbs

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3
Q

Alkaloids & FAs being to what major class?

A

Lipids

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4
Q

Salicylates, coumarin, flavonoids, isoflavones, lignins, quinones & tennis belong to what major class

A

phenolics

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5
Q

volatile oils, resins, saponins, phytosterols, carotenoids, glycosides & iridsids belong to what major class?

A

Terpenoids

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6
Q

Isoquinoline & pyrrolizidine belong to what major class?

A

Alkoloids

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7
Q

yellow brown pigments that occur mainly as glucoside that stimulate laxatives effects (inc. peristalsis)

A

Anthraquinones

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8
Q

cascara, Senna, aleo latex, turkey rhubarb

A

Anthraquinones

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9
Q

a group of polysaccharides that form a gel like consistency with water.

A

Mucilage

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10
Q

Demulcnet
Emollient
Anti-inflammatory
Vulnerary

A

Mucilage

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11
Q

Toning and tightening effects due to the ability to precipitate proteins & decrease secretions.

A

Tannins

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12
Q

Found in parts of plants that shed (leaves, fruit, bark)

A

Tannins

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13
Q

Astringent & antimicrobial

A

Tannins

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14
Q

meadowsweet,
green/black tea
(tannins)

A

GI tract

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15
Q

Horsetail & uva ursi (tannins)

A

kidneys

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16
Q

plantain (tannins)

A

lungs

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17
Q

Horsechestnut,
yarrow,
blueberry/bilberry (tannins)

A

Cardiovascular system

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18
Q

Shepards pie & red raspberry (tannins)

A

Female reproductive system

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19
Q

Horsechestnut & witch hazel (tannins)

A

Skin & connective tissue

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20
Q

Tannin safety (3)?

A
  1. inappropriate for constipation, iron deficiency & malnutrition
  2. Don’t take with other meds (decrease absorption)
  3. White hazel (hydroyzable tannins) = topical use only
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21
Q

A group of simple phenolics with salicin, methyl salicylate & salicylic acid that ease pain & reduce inflammation.

A

Salicylates

22
Q

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Anti-pyretic, Febrifuge

A

Salicylates

23
Q

Salicylates safety (3)

A
  1. high doses = ototoxic
  2. toxic overdose = salicylism = nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, tinnitus, dizziness
  3. avoid in allergies
24
Q

number of constituents together with bitter taste that stimulate digestive.

A

bitters

25
Q

wormwood, gentian, oregano grap, dandelion, bitter greens

A

bitters

26
Q

hepatics, alteratives, stimulates appetite, liver detoxification, regulars blood sugar, mild laxative

A

bitters

27
Q

Bitter safety?

A

avoid use with IBS, diarrhea, pregnant, kidney stones, acute gallbladder disease, reflux, hernia

28
Q

C skeleton with 2 substituted benzene rings. In leaves, fruit & flowers

A

Flavonoids

29
Q

Marigold (calendula), green/black tea, hawthorn, turmeric, chamomile, bilberry, blueberry

A

flavonoids

30
Q

Anti-oxidant,
anti-spasmodic,
anti-inflammatory,
vascular tone

A

flavonoids

31
Q

aromatic herbs. Complex mix of over 100 compounds. help NS, RS, DS & CS.

A

Volatile oils

32
Q

Carminatives,
Rubefacients,
Nerving stimulants,
Nervine relaxants,
Anti-microbial

A

volatile oils

33
Q

Volatile oil safety?

A

most should not be used internally & contraindicated internally in pregnancy

34
Q

Steroid or triterpene fat soluble base joined with water-soluble sugar molecule. “soap like”

A

Saponins

35
Q

Wild yam, liquorice, ginseng

A

saponins

36
Q

Stimulating expectorant,
anti-Catarrhal,
Anti-inflammatory,
Adpaotogen

A

saponins

37
Q

Saponin Safety? (2)

A
  1. may irritate mucous membranes
  2. may have hemolytic properties.
38
Q

mixed group of substituents with N bearing molecule. Common in flowering plants. Strong effects on NS.

A

alkoloids

39
Q

deadly nightshade, lobelia, chocolate

A

alkaloids

40
Q

Psychotropic/hallucinogenic

A

alkaloids

41
Q

passionflower, peyote, psilocybin sp (alkaloids)

A

indoles

42
Q

Coffee, tea (alkaloids)

A

Purine

42
Q

corydalis, california poppy, Oregon grape, goldenseal (alkaloids)

A

Isoquinoline

43
Q

Alkaloid safety (2)?

A
  1. contraindicated in pregnancy
  2. must adhere to dosage - toxicity
44
Q

often occur in glycosidic form.

A

Coumarins

45
Q

vanilla like odour

A

simple coumarin

46
Q

coumarin derivatives?

A
  1. hydroxycoumarin
  2. puranocoumarin
  3. pyranocoumarin
47
Q

anti-inflammatory
anti-microbial
antispasmodic
edema modifiers/ lymphatics

A

coumarin

48
Q

polyphenolic indigestible plant fibers, metabolized by intestinal microbiota

A

lignans

49
Q

milk thistle,
schisandra,
flax seeds

A

lignans

50
Q

Phytoestrogenic,
Nephro-hepatoprotective,
adaptogenic
antimicrobial

A

lignans

BOT100 (4 decks)

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