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Over the counter medication > Constipation > Flashcards

Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms

A

infrequent passing of stools
straining
painful stools
lumpy hard stools
incomplete evacuation
manual manoeuvre required to defecate

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2
Q

medication causes

A

Ca2+ channel blockers,
Ca2+ and iron supplements,
antacids containing Al/Ca,
opioid analgesics,
5HT3 receptor antagonists,
meds with anticholinergic effects,
pregabalin,
dopamine agonists,
vinca alkaloids

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3
Q

Lifestyle causes

A

Change in routine
Inadequate dietary fibre or fluid intake
Insufficient physical activity
Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate
Dehydration

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4
Q

Types of pharmacological treatments

A

Bulk- forming (appropriate fluid intake)
osmotic laxative
stimulant
stool-softening

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5
Q

Movicol

A

Osmotic laxative

Onset of action: 1-3 days

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: safe

Dissolve 1 sachet into 125ml of water (older then 12)

First line in children (use junior one)

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6
Q

Coloxyl and senna

A

Stool softener + bowel stimulant

Onset of action: 6-12 hours

Pregnancy: consider alternative

Breastfeeding: considered safe will need to monitor infant

Take 1-2 tablets at night, maximum 4 daily

For children 12 and over.

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7
Q

Microlax enema

A

Stool Stimulant - releases water into stool, allowing to loosen up

Onset of action - 30-60 minutes

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: considered safe

Suitable for adults and children

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8
Q

Meta Mucil Powder

A

Bulk-forming - absorbs more water in colon

Onset of action: 1-3 days

Pregnancy and breastfeeding:safe

Mix 1-2 rounded teaspoon of the powder with 250ml of water.

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9
Q

Bulk forming agents side effects

A

bloating and abdominal discomfort

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10
Q

Osmotic Adverse effect

A

abdominal discomfort

flatulence

nausea/vomiting

diarrhoea

fluid and electrolyte imbalance

rectal irritation

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11
Q

Stimulant adverse effects

A

diarrhoea

abdominal discomfort

nausea

fluid and electrolyte imbalance (prolonged use)

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12
Q

Docusate adverse effects

A

abdominal cramps

diarrhoea

nausea

rash

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13
Q

liquid paraffin adverse effects

A

anal leakage

rectal irritation

malabsorption of soluble fats and vitamins

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14
Q

Poloxamer adverse effects

A

abdominal discomfort

diarrhoea

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15
Q

non-pharmacological treatment

A

Eat adequate fibre

Ensure adequate intake of water

exercise 30 minutes each day

Respond immediately to the urge to defecate

Sit on toilet with knees higher than hips

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16
Q

GP referral

A

dark stool

rectal pain

unexplained weightloss

fever

vomiting/anorexia

severe abdominal pain.

long term use of laxatives

age >50 years

17
Q

causes

A

IBS
haemorrhoids
bowel cancer
diverticulitis
large bowel obstruction

18
Q

Questions to ask

A

How long have you had the symptoms?

Over the counter medication (8 decks)

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