consonants

Question 1

plosive bilabial front

Answer 1

/p/ /b/

Question 2

plosive alveolar mid

Answer 2

/t/ /d/

Question 3

plosive velar back

Answer 3

/k/ /g/

Question 4

affricate palato-alveolar mid-back

Answer 4

/tʃ/ /dʒ/

Question 5

fricative labio-dental front

Answer 5

/f/ /v/

Question 6

fricative dental front-mid

Answer 6

/θ/ /ð/

Question 7

fricative alveolar mid

Answer 7

/s/ /z/

Question 8

fricative plato-alveolar mid-back

Answer 8

/ʃ/ /ʒ/

Question 9

fricative glottal back

Answer 9

/h/

Question 10

nasal bilabial front

Answer 10

/m/

Question 11

nasal alveolar mid

Answer 11

/n/

Question 12

nasal velar back

Answer 12

/ŋ/

Question 13

lateral alveolar mid

Answer 13

/l/

Question 14

approximant bilabial front

Answer 14

/w/

Question 15

approximant palato-alveolar mid-back

Answer 15

/r/

Question 16

approximant palatal back

Answer 16

/j/

Question 17

approximant velar back

Answer 17

/w/

Question 18

plosive

Answer 18

They are produced by forming a complete obstruction to the flow of air out of the
mouth and nose, and normally this results in a build-up of compressed air inside the
chamber formed by the closure. When the closure is released, there is a small
explosion (see plosion) that causes a sharp noise. e.g. /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

Question 19

affricate

Answer 19

a complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, and the soft palate is raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure, and then it’s released more slowly than in plosives. e.g. /tʃ/ /dʒ/

Question 20

fricative

Answer 20

This type of consonant is made by forcing air though a narrow gap so that a hissing
noise is generated. When two vocal organs come close enough together for the movement of air between them to be heard. e.g. /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /s/ /z/ /h/

Question 21

nasal

Answer 21

A nasal consonant is one in which the air escapes only through the nose. For this to
happen, two articulatory actions are necessary: firstly, the soft palate (or velum) must
be lowered to allow air to escape past it, and secondly, a closure must be made in the
oral cavity to prevent air from escaping through it. e.g. /m/ /n/ /ŋ/

Question 22

lateral

Answer 22

a partial closure is made by the blade of the tongue against the the alveolar ridge. Air is able to flow around the sides of the tongue e.g. /l/

Question 23

approximant

Answer 23

vocal organs come near to each other, but not so close as to cause audible friction, e.g. /r/ /w/ /j/

Question 24

bilabial

Answer 24

using closing movement of both lips, e.g. /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/

Question 25

labio-dental

Answer 25

using the lower lip and the upper teeth, e.g. /f/ /v/

Question 26

dental

Answer 26

the tongue tip is used either between the teeth or close to the upper teeth, e.g. /θ/ /ð/

Question 27

alveolar

Answer 27

the blade of the tongue is used close to the alveolar ridge, e.g. /t/ /s/

Question 28

palato-alveolar

Answer 28

the blade (or tip) of the tongue is used just behind the alveolar ridge, e.g. /ʃ/ /ʒ/

Question 29

palatal

Answer 29

the front of the tongue is raised close to the palate, e.g. /j/

Question 30

velar

Answer 30

the back of the tongue is used against the soft palate, e.g. /k/ /ŋ/

Question 31

glottal

Answer 31

the gap between the vocal chords is used to make audible friction, e.g. /h/