consonants Flashcards

1
Q

plosive bilabial front

A

/p/ /b/

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2
Q

plosive alveolar mid

A

/t/ /d/

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3
Q

plosive velar back

A

/k/ /g/

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4
Q

affricate palato-alveolar mid-back

A

/tʃ/ /dʒ/

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5
Q

fricative labio-dental front

A

/f/ /v/

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6
Q

fricative dental front-mid

A

/θ/ /ð/

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7
Q

fricative alveolar mid

A

/s/ /z/

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8
Q

fricative plato-alveolar mid-back

A

/ʃ/ /ʒ/

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9
Q

fricative glottal back

A

/h/

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10
Q

nasal bilabial front

A

/m/

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11
Q

nasal alveolar mid

A

/n/

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12
Q

nasal velar back

A

/ŋ/

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13
Q

lateral alveolar mid

A

/l/

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14
Q

approximant bilabial front

A

/w/

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15
Q

approximant palato-alveolar mid-back

A

/r/

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16
Q

approximant palatal back

A

/j/

17
Q

approximant velar back

A

/w/

18
Q

plosive

A

They are produced by forming a complete obstruction to the flow of air out of the
mouth and nose, and normally this results in a build-up of compressed air inside the
chamber formed by the closure. When the closure is released, there is a small
explosion (see plosion) that causes a sharp noise. e.g. /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

19
Q

affricate

A

a complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, and the soft palate is raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure, and then it’s released more slowly than in plosives. e.g. /tʃ/ /dʒ/

20
Q

fricative

A

This type of consonant is made by forcing air though a narrow gap so that a hissing
noise is generated. When two vocal organs come close enough together for the movement of air between them to be heard. e.g. /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /s/ /z/ /h/

21
Q

nasal

A

A nasal consonant is one in which the air escapes only through the nose. For this to
happen, two articulatory actions are necessary: firstly, the soft palate (or velum) must
be lowered to allow air to escape past it, and secondly, a closure must be made in the
oral cavity to prevent air from escaping through it. e.g. /m/ /n/ /ŋ/

22
Q

lateral

A

a partial closure is made by the blade of the tongue against the the alveolar ridge. Air is able to flow around the sides of the tongue e.g. /l/

23
Q

approximant

A

vocal organs come near to each other, but not so close as to cause audible friction, e.g. /r/ /w/ /j/

24
Q

bilabial

A

using closing movement of both lips, e.g. /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/

25
Q

labio-dental

A

using the lower lip and the upper teeth, e.g. /f/ /v/

26
Q

dental

A

the tongue tip is used either between the teeth or close to the upper teeth, e.g. /θ/ /ð/

27
Q

alveolar

A

the blade of the tongue is used close to the alveolar ridge, e.g. /t/ /s/

28
Q

palato-alveolar

A

the blade (or tip) of the tongue is used just behind the alveolar ridge, e.g. /ʃ/ /ʒ/

29
Q

palatal

A

the front of the tongue is raised close to the palate, e.g. /j/

30
Q

velar

A

the back of the tongue is used against the soft palate, e.g. /k/ /ŋ/

31
Q

glottal

A

the gap between the vocal chords is used to make audible friction, e.g. /h/