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LING 201 Introduction to Linguistics > Consonants > Flashcards

Consonants Flashcards

1
Q

Consonants are ____________ in the oral cavity

A

Obstructions

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2
Q

What is the difference between active and passive articulators?

A

Active: part of the oral tract that moves to make the obstruction
Passive: part of the oral tract that is moved to

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3
Q

What are the places of articulation?

A

Bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, alveopalatal, palatal, velar, glottal

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4
Q

What are the manners of articulation?

A

Stop, fricative, affricate, nasal, liquid, glide

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5
Q

What are the BILABIAL passive and active articulators?

A

Top lip (passive), bottom lip (active)

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6
Q

Which letters of the IPA correspond to bilabial obstruction?

A

[p] pet peeve
[b] big brother
[m] mere mortal

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7
Q

What are the LABIODENTAL passive and active articulators?

A

Teeth (passive), lower lip (active)

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8
Q

Which letters of the IPA correspond to labiodental obstruction?

A

[f] fast and furious
[v] vice versa

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9
Q

What are the INTERDENTAL passive and active articulators?

A

Passive: Teeth
Active: Tip of tongue

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10
Q

Which letters of the IPA correspond to interdental obstruction?

A

[θ] thick as thieves
[ð] this and that

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11
Q

What are the ALVEOLAR passive and active articulators?

A

Passive: Alveolar ridge
Active: Tip of tongue

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12
Q

What are the letters of the IPA that correspond to alveolar obstruction?

A

[t] tongue twister
[d] dare-devil
[s] sweet spot
[z] zig-zag
[n] now or never
[l] laundry list
[r] road rage

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13
Q

What are the ALVEOPALATAL passive and active articulators?

A

Passive: Alveopalatal area
Active: Tip of tongue

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14
Q

Which letters of the IPA correspond to the alveopalatal obstruction?

A

[ʃ] shell shock
[ʒ] Illu[ʒ]on confu[ʒ]on
[t͡ʃ] chit-chat
[d͡ʒ] jumping jack

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15
Q

What are the PALATAL passive and active articulators?

A

Passive: Hard palate
Active: Body of tongue

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16
Q

Which letter of IPA corresponds to the palatal obstruction?

A

[j] yin yang

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17
Q

What are the VELAR passive and active articulators?

A

Passive: Velum/soft palate
Active: Back of tongue

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18
Q

Which letters of the IPA correspond to the velar obstruction?

A

[k] cookie cutter
[g] good as gold
[ŋ] si[ŋ] son[ŋ]
[w] wild west

19
Q

What are the GLOTTAL articulators?

A

Vocal folds

20
Q

Which letters of the IPA correspond to the glottal obstruction?

A

[h] high hopes
[ʔ] uh oh

21
Q

Under which context could [ʔ] be heard instead of [t]?

A

When the British are saying the word “bottle”

22
Q

What characterizes stops?

A

Complete closure of the oral cavity (silence)

23
Q

Which places of articulation correspond to the stops?

A

Bilabial, alveolar, velar, glottal

24
Q

Which letters are voiceless stops?

A

[p], [t], [k], [ʔ]

25
Q

Which letters are voiced stops?

A

[b], [d], [g]

26
Q

What characterizes fricatives?

A

Continuous airflow through the mouth, very narrow opening, turbulent airflow

27
Q

What places of articulation correspond to fricatives?

A

Labiodental, interdental, alveolar, alveopalatal, glottal

28
Q

Which letters are voiceless fricatives?

A

[f], [θ], [s], [ʃ], [h]

29
Q

Which letters are voiced fricatives?

A

[v], [ð], [z], [ʒ]

30
Q

What characterizes affricates?

A

Articulatorily a stop + fricative, pronounced as a single segment

31
Q

What place of articulation corresponds to affricates?

A

Alveopalatal

32
Q

Which letter is a voiceless affricate?

A

[t͡ʃ] ratchet

33
Q

Which letter is a voiced affricate?

A

[d͡ʒ] judge

34
Q

What characterizes nasals?

A

Velum controls airflow into nasal cavity

35
Q

____________ velum cuts off airflow and ______________ velum allows air to go into nasal cavity

A

Raised; lowered

36
Q

What places of articulation correspond to nasals?

A

Bilabial, alveolar, velar

37
Q

True or false: There are voiced and voiceless nasals

A

False, there are only voiced

38
Q

Which letters are voiced nasals?

A

[m] and [n] (raised velum), [ŋ] (lowered velum)

39
Q

What characterizes liquids?

A

Uninterrupted airflow

40
Q

What are the letters of IPA that correspond to liquids?

A

[l], [r] (or [ɹ])

41
Q

What characterizes glides?

A

Articulatorily just short vowels

42
Q

What places of articulation correspond to glides?

A

Palatal and velar

43
Q

What letters are voiced glides?

A

[j] (short [i]), [w] (short [u])

44
Q
A

LING 201 Introduction to Linguistics (10 decks)

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