Consolidation exam questions Flashcards
What part of the airway causes the wheezing in asthma?
Narrowed lumen of bronchi and bronchioles
What 3 things can result from having a flail chest?
- hypoventilation with retention of CO2
- Respiratory acidosis
- pH is more acidic then normal
What are 3 signs and symptoms of pneumonia that can be absent in the elderly?
- Pleurisy
- Productive cough
- Fever
True or false?
Central cyanosis does not indicate respiratory distress in pediatrics
True
What can deep suction cause in neonates?
bradycardia
What should be your course of action for a neonate with a fever?
Life threatning + immediate transportation
What is choanal Atresia?
When a baby can’t nurse and breathe at the same time
What is a sign of dehydration in an infant?
Abnormal rapid heart rate
True of False?
Nitric oxide levels rise with the administration of nitroglycerin.
True
True or False?
Hemolysis resulting in hyperkalemia is seen in heat stroke?
True
What are 3 complications associated with inhalation injury?
- aspiration pneumonia
- Shock
- pneumomediastinum
What are the effects of epinephrine on the vital signs?
Peripheral vasoconstriction and bronchodilation
Gastroenteritis can cause what type of shock?
Hypovolemic shock
What causes actue tubular necrosis?
Ischemia
True or False?
Glucocorticoids promote glycogenesis.
True
What are 3 signs of hypoglycemia?
- disorientation
- Behaviour changes
- Convulsions
What is a complication of HHS?
Thrombotic event
What are the responsible hormones in a diabetic emergency?
Insulin and adrenaline
What are (2) complications of JVD?
- Increased pulmonary artery pressure
- Right sided heart failure
What arrhythmia is described as “action potential that doesn’t occur, resulting in ineffective contractions”
PEA
What 2 cardiac conditions are associated with atrial fibrilation?
CHF and valvular disease
What are 3 causes of 2nd degree HB (Mobitz I)?
- increased vagal tone
- Acute inferior MI
- Drug effect
What are 3 causes of PEA?
- Hypovolemia
- Cardiac tamponade
- Tension pneumothorax
What can severe anemia lead to?
angina and CHF
What artery is torn during an epidural hematoma?
Tear of the middle meningeal artery
What is the thinnest area of the skull?
Temporal bone
Why are the signs and symptoms of ICP delayed in the eldery?
Cuz of cerebral atrophy
What can cause hypovolemic shock in a diabetic patient? (3)
- dehydration
- Osmotic diuresis
- Polyuria
What are 3 causes of hypovolemic shock?
- Peripheral vasodilation
- Increase permeability
- Decreased hemoglobin circulation
Seizures can result in what 4 pathologies?
- hypoxia
- Hypoglycemia
- Metabolic imbalance
- Stroke
True of False?
Status epilepticus can result in hypoxia and hypoglycemia.
True
How do you identify blood with CSF?
Blood with an outer ring of clear fluid.
What are the stages of herniation (in order)?
diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla.
What are 3 compensation mechanisms for increased ICP
- Decreased CSF production
- Increased CSF reabsorption
- CSF displacing into the spinal canal
What are 2 complications of a femur fracture?
- Decreased cardiac output due to hypovolemia
- Fat embolism causing pulmonary distress
What is the treatment for a torn tendon?
Imobilize by splinting
What artery is most at risk for comprimise during dislocation?
Popiteal artery
What’s the most common open fracture?
Tibia
What is the most common frcatured bone
Clavicle
What are 3 consequences of Crush Syndrome?
- Extravasion of blood
- Poor kidney perfusion
- Traumatic rhabdo
What causes the pain in Compartement Syndrome?
Swelling and muscle ischemia
What are 2 risk factors of pelvic fractures?
- Occult bleeding in retroperitoneal space
- Ruptured bladder
