Cardiac Flashcards
What is AMI (acute myocardial infarction)
When blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly cut off causing tissue damage.
What is the etiology/epidemiology of AMI’s (6)
- More common in men
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Obesity
- Stress
- Atherosclerosis
What is the clinical presentation of AMI
Men
* Sudden chest pain
* Sweating
* Tachycardia
* Can radiate to the left arm, back, and jaw
Women
* Dizziness
* Epigastric pain (n/v)
* Upper back pain
* SOB
* Jaw pain
What is stable angina
Chest pain that mostly occurs with activity or emotional stress. Due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart.
What is the etiology/epidemiology of stable angina
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Coronary artery disease
What is the clinical presentation of stable angina
- Retrosternal chest discomfort
- Occurs in predictible patterns
What is unstable angina
Due to poort blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart.
The pain is unpredictable or there is a change in their normal angina.
What medication would someone with agina be taking?
What is the etiology/epidemiology of unstable angina?
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Coronary artery disease
What is the clinical presentation of unstable angina?
- Chest pain
- Can radiate to arm, neck and jaw
- Epigastric pain
- Unpredictable
- Unrelieved by usual methods
What is variant angina (prinzmetal)
Secondary to epicardial coronary artery spasms
What is the etiology/epidemiology
Smoking and medication
What is the clinical presentation of varian angina
Chest pain at rest, rarely on exertion
What is an aortic aneurysm
An enlargement of the aorta to more than 1.5 times the normal size, causing symptoms once ruptured.
What is the etiology/epidemiology of an aortic aneurysm
- Older males (60-80)
- Caucasians
- Smoking
What is the clinical presentation of an aortic aneurysm
- Tearing pain in the abdomen
- Back or leg pain
- Sudden onset
- Possible pulsatile mass
- Difference in pedal pulses
- Pain radiates from front to back
What is cardiac contusion
It’s a bruise of the heart muscle/tissue
What is the etiology/epidemiology of cardiac contusion
- CPR
- Falls greater than 20ft
- MVC
What is the clinical presentation of cardiac contusion
- Dull pain after a traumatic mechanism
- Pain aggravated by palpation
What is CHF
A chronic progressive condition that affects the pupmping power of the heart muscles. It refers to the stage in which the heart can’t pump efficiently and causes a fluid build up.
What is the etiology/epidemiology of CHF
- Hypertension
- Coronary artery disease
- Vavular disease
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Thyroid disease
What is the clinical presentation of CHF
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Edema in the ankles
- Increased need to urinate
- Irregular heart rate
- Cough
- Wheezing
- SOB
- Chest pain
- Rapid breathing
- Cyanosis
- Fainting
LEFT: Pulmonary edema, right sided heart failure
RIGHT: JVD, peripheral edema
What is cardiac tamponade
A buildup of fluid in the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) putting pressure on the heart
