Consolidated Flashcards
dorsal root ganglion
where sensory enters INTO
ventral root ganglion
where efferent neurons travel OUT
ventral stream
-identification of objects
-inferotemporal cortex
dorsal stream
-interaction with objects
-posterior parietal cortex
optic ataxia brain injury
-patient can’t use dorsal stream
-patient can recognize object but can’t
guide hand accurately to object
visual agnosia disorder
-patient can’t use ventral stream
-patient can’t recognize common objects but can use visual info to grasp them
Ian Waterman
-19 y/o male with flu-like virus that caused damage to dorsal nerves + loss of proprioception
-learned to move based on visual information like watching his feet to walk
BESSEL
-German astronomer
-empirical investigation motor skills
-transit times for star movement
WOODWORTH
-American psycholoist
-early system approach to motor skills
-fundamental principles for rapid arm/hand movements into visual-motor performance principles
-movement memory
-speed-accuracy trade-off
-phase transition in bimanual movements
THORNDIKE
-American psycholoist
-process of learning skills/behaviors
-law of effect
-differences among individuals in practice
-savings earned in practice time + amount of practice when relearning a skill after time
SHERRINGTON
-classified response to stimuli in extremities
-voluntary movements result from fundamental reflexes
-classical concepts of motor control
-reciprocal innervation
-final common pathway
perception of movement
-receptors/proprioceptors
VON HOLST
-German behavioral psychologist
-seminal papers on motor control
-not recognized until English translation
BERNSTEIN
-Russian/Soviet neurophysiologist
-seminal papers on motor control theory + movement coordination
-DOF
-feud with Pavlov (Bernstein said movement isn’t reflex)
FLEISHMAN
-U.S. Air Force
-individual difference in abilities
-linked correlational + expirimental methods in perceptual-motor abilities
-impact of physical fitness
-difference on learning/retention of complex skills
FITTS
-time it takes in relation to distance/size
-math + human movement
-learning involves progress through stages
THELEN
-infant development
-newborns can walk if they weren’t underdeveloped
-disappearance/reemergence of reeflex isn’t neural maturation but rather complex interaction of sensory-motor system with gravitational influences
SCHMIDT
Journal of Motor Behavior
EEG
-electrical changes in brain
-recorded from scalp
-mental event timing
MEG
-changes in magnetic fields involve brain activity
-mental event timing
PET
-functional
-detailed information of localized brain structures using positron-emitting isotopes
-patient is injected with radioactive substance which emits positrons that will collide with tissue
-shows cerebral blood flow + active areas of brain
SPECT
-functional
-gamma-ray emitting isotope
-less clear but cheaper than PET
FMRI
-functional
-looks at blood-oxygen level to detect changes in blood flow
-uses magnetic field + radiofrequency energy
-shows location/volume of active brain regions
-neural activity increases where oxygenated blood increases
MRI
-structural
-high-resolution
-uses magnetic fields + radiofrequency energy
-hydrogen atoms emit energy to construct image
-used with FMRI
DTI
-structural
-shows structure of key tracts/pathways (could be used to trace corticospinal tract)
-important for neuromuscular system
CAT/CT
-structural
-low resolution
-x-rays of head to get overall brain image
-shows structural problems like tumors
TMS
-doesn’t measure but STUDIES brain function
-uses pulse via magnetic coil
-excitatory/inhibitory
-combined with FMRI
