Considering the dynamics of host pathogen interactions

Question 1

example of gut niches

Answer 1

intracellular, extracellular, sub-epithelial- similar niches in different tissues

Question 2

example- influenza

what innate mechanisms are involved in the immune response?

Answer 2

recognition by the PRRs, e.g. RIG-1 and TLR3

type I interferons (IFNalpha/nbeta) come into the tissue, and tell cells to prep for attack

NK cells- directly kill, or produce more interferons

Question 3

adaptive responses to influenza

Answer 3

antibodies against molecules such as haemagglutinin

CD8+ T cells in a supporting role

Question 4

innate responses to plasmodium

Answer 4

recognition by PRRs- e.g. TLR2 and 9- combo of type I and II responses
phagocytosis of RBCs

Question 5

adaptive responses to plasmodium infection

Answer 5

CD4+, B cells, CD8+ cells v implicated in secondary infection response

Question 6

pathogens which target multiple hosts

Answer 6

toxoplasma gondii, which carries out diff life cycle phases at different points, salmonella enterica, which is just a bit broader in range than other Salmonellas

Question 7

example of a non-protective immune response

Answer 7

removing the B cells in chickens, lose the B cell response but doesn’t impact the course of infection at all