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Voice Disorders > Considerations in Voice Treatment (Ch. 3) > Flashcards

Considerations in Voice Treatment (Ch. 3) Flashcards

1
Q

normal voice

A

-clear quality
-pitch and loudness appropriate for:
age
sex
situation
-no effort, pain, strain, fatigue
-fulfills needs of individual:
occupational
social
emotional

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2
Q

perceptual terminology

A 
pitch
loudness
quality
resonance
respiratory
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3
Q

dysphonia

A

impairment of the speaking or singing voice

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4
Q

pitch

A

too high/too low/pitch breaks

diplophonia: 2 pitches at same time
range: monopitch/uncontrolled

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5
Q

loudness

A

inadequate
excessive
monoloud
uncontrolled

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6
Q

quality

A 
terms related to VF vibratory patterns:
breathy: hypoadduction
harsh/rough: irregular VF vibration
hoarse: excessive noise
strained: excessive laryngeal muscle effort
strained/strangled: ditto
voice arrests
aphonia
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7
Q

resonance

A

hypernasality: problem with velopharyngeal function
hyponasality
nasal emission
cul de sac: muffled & low due to obstruction

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8
Q

respiratory

A

stridor: noisy inhalation or exhalation; airway obstruction
dyspnea: shortness of breath

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9
Q

acoustic terminology

A 
fundamental frequency
frequency variability
maximum phonational frequency range
intensity/amplitude
intensity/amplitude variability
dynamic level
jitter 
shimmer
harmonics-to-noise ratio
noise-to-harmonics ratio
signal-to-noise ratio
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10
Q

Fundamental Frequency (FO)

A
  • acoustic correlate of pitch (Hz)
  • rate at which VF vibrate
  • Speaking FO = connected speech
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11
Q

Frequency Variability

A

expected in connected speech but not in sustained vowel

indicated with standard deviation (FOSD)

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12
Q

Maximum Phonational Frequency Range

A

complete range of FOs person can generate from lowest to highest, including pulse but exclusing falsetto

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13
Q

intensity and amplitude

A
  • acoustic correlates of loudness
  • dB for intensity; dB SPL for amplitude
  • average intensity measure over utterance
  • intensity variability measured over utterance
  • dynamic range is tied to FO: can produce more intensity in middle range than at ends
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14
Q

periodicity

A

smoothness of mucosal wave

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15
Q

jitter

A

cycle-to-cycle frequency variations

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16
Q

shimmer

A

cycle-to-cycle amplitude variations (intensity)

17
Q

Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR)
Noise-to-Harmonics Ratio (NHR)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

A

quantify ratio between periodic and aperiodic voice components
measured in dB

18
Q

causes of voice disorders

A

multifactorial:

  • structural/organic
  • physical injury
  • neuro problems
  • lifestyle
  • psych problems
  • systemic disease
  • meds
  • respiratory problems
  • idiopathic
19
Q

voice team

A 
ENT
SLP
Patients and family
Others:
audiologists
therapists
teacher
nurse
social worker
allergist
etc
20
Q

primary prevention

A

eliminate or prevent onset of disorder by reducing susceptibility

  • education of dangers
  • education of good vocal technique
21
Q

3 primary prevention activities for SLPs in schools

A
  1. info to parents and teachers re bad behaviors
  2. focus child’s attention to sounds in enviro
  3. explain function of larynx to teachers and kids
22
Q

secondary prevention

A

early detection and treatment

-eliminates or slows progress

23
Q

tertiary prevention

A

reducing the disability

restore as normal function as possible

24
Q

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

A
  1. body function & structures
    - anatomical, physiological, psychological
    - temp or permanent
    - progressive/regressive/static
    - intermittent/continuous
    - slight/severe
    * tx designed at level of quality of voice signal
  2. activities and participation
    - activity = execution of task
    - participation = degree of involvement in life situation
  3. treatment at level of social context of communication (make as functional as possible in life situation)
    - enviro factors
25
Q

effects of Rx on voice

A

xerostomia: dry mouth
-most common side effect in vocal tract
*Dry vocal tract requires higher PTP which can cause vocal fatigue.
Analgesics interfere with blood clot formation, can cause VF hemorrhage
Psychoactive drugs affect CNS, cause dysarthria

26
Q

multicultural factors

A

how to become culturally competent:

  1. Become aware of differences.
  2. Obtain info regarding culture
  3. Develop pro skills to assess client’s values, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions
  4. Gain comfort in interacting with cultures
27
Q

Evidence-Based Practice

A

Difficult to hold voice research to gold standard:

  1. Voice is so variable.
  2. Standards are variable. Patients may differ from those in study.
  3. Cognitive, communicative and behavioral impairments interact in complex ways.
  4. Treatments regimes may be too long or complex.

Voice Disorders (5 decks)

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