Conservatism/Socialism (Key Thinkers)

Question 1

The Key points of Conservatism

Answer 1

They see change as inevetable, they want to conserve what is worth conserving, they believe in Fiscal Freedom

Question 2

Are all conserative thinkers part of the Conservative party and what other Ideologies do they support?

Answer 2

Not all Conservatives are Conservative Party members - as those that fear change see free market capatilism as their enemy - which the conservatives uphold as a value of Liberalism.

Question 3

What was Michael Oakshotts view on Conservatism?

Answer 3

Saw conservatism as a Pyschology not an ideology and said they have a instinctive preference for what is known and a fear of the uncertain

Question 4

Who created an updated view on Oakshott and what did they say?

Answer 4

Robert Nozick & Ayn Rand stated how an individual yearned for natural freedom and described them as “Freedom Loving Pack Animals”

Question 5

Why did they say this Freedom Loving Pack Animal had to be contained in Society?

Answer 5

To maintain peace and stability in human affairs

Question 6

What are the different strands of society that Conservatives believe in?

Answer 6

Localism - Burke “Little platoons”
Organicism - Society is creatd over time, it evolves. They believe in an gradual organic society
Empiricism- As it is Organic they need to use practical and observe when things need to be fixed
Tradition - habits provide security in uncertain times, change should be orderly and slow
Hierachy-Imperfections bring ineqaulity- best become leaders, Burke stresses importance of “with power comes responsibilities”

Question 7

Conservatives view on the State?

Answer 7

View it as something that provides security, authority - without this there wouldn’t be liberty, no natural rights

Question 8

What type of Economis was Burke a fan of and why?

Answer 8

He was a fan of Laizzess Fair economic and meant that the economy was left on its own to run by free-market

Question 9

Give an Example of a One Nation Conservative?

Answer 9

Benjamin Disraeli

Question 10

What is New Right Conservatism?
AN example of a NRC

Answer 10

stresses the importance of Individual freedom, free market capatalism and limited government
Margaret Thatcher - Thatcherism

Question 11

How was Socialism Created, Key Opinions of Socialims, what they believe in?

Answer 11

It is created through enlightenment - belief of being born equal, liberate people from oppresion, reject the traditiona state (Monarchy), social progress

Question 12

What was the grop called that argued against private land ownership and what did they say?

Answer 12

The Levellers - argued God gave the the land

Question 13

Name two people who where Utopian Socialist - what did they argue for

Answer 13

Charles Fourier and Robert Owen
C.F - Independent Communities, communal ownership
R.O-He set up the Cooperative - shared ownership

Question 14

Socialist view on Human Nature

Answer 14

Optimistic, as peope are co operative. They say they need to improve society to get the best out of people. Believe in Equality between classes

Question 15

Socialist view on economy - Key Thinker

Answer 15

Karl Marx believes that most social problems are created by the economy and that workers are exploited through capatalism

Question 16

Fundamentalist Approach

Answer 16

Believe in the abolishment of Capatilism and it will chage through gradually or through a revolution

Question 17

Fundamentalist Approach - Classical Marxism - Beliefs?

Answer 17

Believed in the destruction of Capatilism , humans are a product of economics. Democracy is DOOMED

Question 18

What is the Historical Materialiasm

Answer 18

Marxs theory of being primitave, slave based work, feudal - Monarchs & Peasants, Captilism, CLASS CONSCIENCE, Proletariet detroy Capatilism , socialism, dies, Communist, End of History

Question 19

Fundamentalist Approach - Marxist-Leninism

Answer 19

Adopted by Lenin to fit into Russia in 1917, believed the process could b sped up, capatilism could be bi passed

Question 20

What is Lenins timeline of events to bi pass the Capatilist stage of Histoircal Materialism

Answer 20

A vanguard which would plot and incite a revolution, educate the masses, and form a new government (Commuist)

Question 21

Name a person who disagreed with Lenin on the idea for a Vanguard

Answer 21

Rosa Luxenbourg argued that a revolution would bring democracy and that a Dictator is just replacing the already two tier system

Question 22

What is Democratic Socialism- Key Thinker

Answer 22

WEBB - they rejected the idea of a rvolution as they were inneficent and chaotic, with an orderly transition being needed. The voters woud ratially see that socialism is the best choice

Question 23

What is Euro-Communism

Answer 23

Communism in Europe that tried to distance themselves from the radical Soviet Union They won seats however didn’t last long

Question 24

Key Thinker for Euro-Communism
His Thoughts on Capatalism

Answer 24

Antonio Gramsci - A counter culture would be why Capatilism is destroyed

Question 25

What did Neo-Marxists believe in?

Answer 25

They belived that a counter culture was needed to overthrow, they disagred with Neo-Marxists that change can be gradual

Question 26

Overview of Classical Revisionism
Example of thinker?

Answer 26

Little evidence of Marx’s predictin cming true, they needed to widen the franchise so more would vote for them, gradual road to socialims
Eduard Bernstein

Question 27

Overview of Social Democracy

Answer 27

Once a very Marxist inspired group, began to adapt to democracy. Crossland believed an evolved democracy had brought fairer lifes to people

Question 28

Key Thinker of Social Democracy

Answer 28

Anthony Crossland

Question 29

What is a new form of Social Democracy called and who is a key figure of it

Answer 29

The Third way - there to create better opportunities for people - allow capatilism to flourish. Equality of opportunity not outcome