Conservatism/Socialism (Key Thinkers) Flashcards
The Key points of Conservatism
They see change as inevetable, they want to conserve what is worth conserving, they believe in Fiscal Freedom
Are all conserative thinkers part of the Conservative party and what other Ideologies do they support?
Not all Conservatives are Conservative Party members - as those that fear change see free market capatilism as their enemy - which the conservatives uphold as a value of Liberalism.
What was Michael Oakshotts view on Conservatism?
Saw conservatism as a Pyschology not an ideology and said they have a instinctive preference for what is known and a fear of the uncertain
Who created an updated view on Oakshott and what did they say?
Robert Nozick & Ayn Rand stated how an individual yearned for natural freedom and described them as “Freedom Loving Pack Animals”
Why did they say this Freedom Loving Pack Animal had to be contained in Society?
To maintain peace and stability in human affairs
What are the different strands of society that Conservatives believe in?
Localism - Burke “Little platoons”
Organicism - Society is creatd over time, it evolves. They believe in an gradual organic society
Empiricism- As it is Organic they need to use practical and observe when things need to be fixed
Tradition - habits provide security in uncertain times, change should be orderly and slow
Hierachy-Imperfections bring ineqaulity- best become leaders, Burke stresses importance of “with power comes responsibilities”
Conservatives view on the State?
View it as something that provides security, authority - without this there wouldn’t be liberty, no natural rights
What type of Economis was Burke a fan of and why?
He was a fan of Laizzess Fair economic and meant that the economy was left on its own to run by free-market
Give an Example of a One Nation Conservative?
Benjamin Disraeli
What is New Right Conservatism?
AN example of a NRC
stresses the importance of Individual freedom, free market capatalism and limited government
Margaret Thatcher - Thatcherism
How was Socialism Created, Key Opinions of Socialims, what they believe in?
It is created through enlightenment - belief of being born equal, liberate people from oppresion, reject the traditiona state (Monarchy), social progress
What was the grop called that argued against private land ownership and what did they say?
The Levellers - argued God gave the the land
Name two people who where Utopian Socialist - what did they argue for
Charles Fourier and Robert Owen
C.F - Independent Communities, communal ownership
R.O-He set up the Cooperative - shared ownership
Socialist view on Human Nature
Optimistic, as peope are co operative. They say they need to improve society to get the best out of people. Believe in Equality between classes
Socialist view on economy - Key Thinker
Karl Marx believes that most social problems are created by the economy and that workers are exploited through capatalism
Fundamentalist Approach
Believe in the abolishment of Capatilism and it will chage through gradually or through a revolution
Fundamentalist Approach - Classical Marxism - Beliefs?
Believed in the destruction of Capatilism , humans are a product of economics. Democracy is DOOMED
What is the Historical Materialiasm
Marxs theory of being primitave, slave based work, feudal - Monarchs & Peasants, Captilism, CLASS CONSCIENCE, Proletariet detroy Capatilism , socialism, dies, Communist, End of History
Fundamentalist Approach - Marxist-Leninism
Adopted by Lenin to fit into Russia in 1917, believed the process could b sped up, capatilism could be bi passed
What is Lenins timeline of events to bi pass the Capatilist stage of Histoircal Materialism
A vanguard which would plot and incite a revolution, educate the masses, and form a new government (Commuist)
Name a person who disagreed with Lenin on the idea for a Vanguard
Rosa Luxenbourg argued that a revolution would bring democracy and that a Dictator is just replacing the already two tier system
What is Democratic Socialism- Key Thinker
WEBB - they rejected the idea of a rvolution as they were inneficent and chaotic, with an orderly transition being needed. The voters woud ratially see that socialism is the best choice
What is Euro-Communism
Communism in Europe that tried to distance themselves from the radical Soviet Union They won seats however didn’t last long
Key Thinker for Euro-Communism
His Thoughts on Capatalism
Antonio Gramsci - A counter culture would be why Capatilism is destroyed
What did Neo-Marxists believe in?
They belived that a counter culture was needed to overthrow, they disagred with Neo-Marxists that change can be gradual
Overview of Classical Revisionism
Example of thinker?
Little evidence of Marx’s predictin cming true, they needed to widen the franchise so more would vote for them, gradual road to socialims
Eduard Bernstein
Overview of Social Democracy
Once a very Marxist inspired group, began to adapt to democracy. Crossland believed an evolved democracy had brought fairer lifes to people
Key Thinker of Social Democracy
Anthony Crossland
What is a new form of Social Democracy called and who is a key figure of it
The Third way - there to create better opportunities for people - allow capatilism to flourish. Equality of opportunity not outcome
