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A-Level government & politics > Conservatism key thinkers > Flashcards

Conservatism key thinkers Flashcards

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1
Q

Thomas Hobbes Birth and death

A

1588

1679

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2
Q

Thomas Hobbes view of Human Nature

A

Cynical: individuals are selfish, driven by a restless and ruthless desire for supremacy and security.

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3
Q

Thomas Hobbes view on the state

A

The State arises ‘contractually’ from individuals who seek order and security. to serve its purpose, the state must be autocratic and awesome

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4
Q

Thomas Hobbes view on society

A

There can be no ‘society’ until the creation of a state brings order and authority to human affairs. Life until then in ‘nasty, brutish and short’

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5
Q

Thomas Hobbes view on the economy

A

Constructive and enduring economic activity is impossible without a state guaranteeing order and security

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6
Q

Edmund Burke Birth and death

A

1729

1797

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7
Q

Edmund Burke view of Human Nature

A

Sceptical: the ‘crooked timber of humanity’ is marked by a gap between aspiration and achievement. we may conceive of perfection but we are unable to achieve it.

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8
Q

Edmund Burke view on the state

A

The state arises organically and should be aristocratic, driven by a hereditary elite, reared to rule in the interests of all.

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9
Q

Edmund Burke view on society

A

society is organic and multi-faceted, comprising a host of small communities and organisations (‘little platoons’)

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10
Q

Edmund Burke view on the economy

A

Trade should involve ‘organic’ free markets and laissez-faire capitalism

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11
Q

Michael Oakeshott birth and death

A

1901

1990

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12
Q

Michael Oakeshott view on human nature

A

modest: humanity is at its best when free from grand designs and when focused on the routines of everyday life

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13
Q

Michael Oakeshott view on the state

A

the state should be guided by tradition and practical concerns. pragmatism, not dogmatism, should be its watchword

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14
Q

Michael Oakeshott view on society

A

Localised communities are essential to humanity’s survival, especially when guided by short-term requirements rather than abstract ideas

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15
Q

Michael Oakeshott view on the Economy

A

Free markets are volatile and unpredictable, and may require pragmatic moderation by the state

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16
Q

Ayn Rand birth and death

A

1905

1982

17
Q

Ayn Rand view on human nature

A

‘Objectivist’: we are - and ought to be - guided by rational self-interests and the pursuit of self fulfilment

18
Q

Ayn Rand view on the state

A

the state should confine itself to law, order and national security. any attempt to promote ‘positive liberty’ via further state intervention should be resisted

19
Q

Ayn Rand view on tsociety

A

in so far as it exists at all, society is atomistic: the mere sum total of its individuals. any attempt to restrict individuals in the name of society should be challenged

20
Q

Ayn Rand view on the economy

A

free-market capitalism is an expression of ‘objectivist’ individualism and should not be hindered by the state

21
Q

Robert Nozick birth and death

A

1938

2002

22
Q

Robert Nozick view on Human nature

A

Egotistical: individuals are driven by a quest for ‘self-ownership’, allowing them to realise their full potientail.

23
Q

Robert Nozick view on the state

A

the minarchist state should merely outsource, renew and reallocate contracts to private companies providing public services

24
Q

Robert Nozick view on society

A

society should be geared to individual self fulfilment. this may lead to a plethora of small, variable communities reflecting their members’ diverse tastes and philosophies

25
Q

Robert Nozick view on the economy

A

The minarchists state should detach itself from a privatised and deregulated economy, merely arbitrating disputes between private economic organisations

26
Q

Thomas Hobbes book

A

Leviathan 1651

27
Q

Edmund Burke Book

A

Reflections on the revolutions in France 1790

28
Q

Michael Oakeshott book

A

On being conservative 1962

29
Q

Ayn Rand book

A

Atlas Shrugged 1957

30
Q

Robert Nozick book

A

The road to serfdom 1944

31
Q

main 2 types of conservatism

A

Traditional

New right

32
Q

Traditional VS New Right - Human nature

A

Traditional - sceptical view of human nature, warning against the grand, utopian schemes of progressive politicians.

New Right - more optimistic view, possibilities of individuals with initiative and liberty, individuals can achieve in the economic sphere, human potential lies in fostering a pro-capitalist environment

33
Q

Traditional VS New Right - society

A

Traditional - as a collection of small communities ‘little platoons’ by a hierarchical structurer in which ‘paternalistic’ elites exercise their inherited power

New right - are more sceptical about paternalistic communities, preferring a society defined by those who have achieved rather than inherited power, status and property (meritocratic over aristocratic)

34
Q

Traditional VS New Right - The state

A

Traditional - defend a state where political power is wielded by those who are ‘born to rule’ believing there is a ‘ruling class’ with the principles of duty and sacrificed instilled with a sense of responsibility towards the governed

New right - wish to ‘roll back the frontiers of the state’ so as to advances individual freedom and reserve the dependency culture, hostile to the principle of aristocratic rule, fear that the ruling classes have too much stake in the status quo and are therefore reluctant to admit the need for radical change by new right governments

35
Q

Traditional VS New Right - Economy

A

Traditional - defend economy based on private ownership are sceptical about free - market capitalism, it threatens ‘one nation’ and free markets fuel support for socialism

New right - advocate free market economies where state spending, state funding ids deregulated and privatised, and where levels of taxation and state spending are significantly reduced

A-Level government & politics (13 decks)

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