Conservation: Historical Perspectives in Environment and Resource

Question 1

History of Global Environment
About 10,000 years ago, when mankind changed
from a ____, living in wilderness areas such as
forests and grasslands, into an ___, we began to change the environment to suit
our own requirements.

Answer 1

hunter-gatherer
agriculturalist and pastoralist

Question 2

Major Development Periods

Answer 2

• Hunters and gatherers
• Agricultural revolutions
• Industrial Revolution
• Conservation-Environmentalism

Question 3

Founding father of wildlife ecology,
* Text Book Game Management (1933)
* Stressed Land Ethic

Answer 3

Aldo Leopold

Question 4

simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and
animals, or collectively: the land.”
* “A land ethic of course cannot prevent the alteration, management, and use of these ‘resources,’ but it
does affirm their right to continued existence, and, at least in spots, their continued existence in a natural
state.”

Answer 4

Land Ethic

Question 5

Promoted Biocentric Conservation

Answer 5

John Muir

Question 6

Senator Gaylord Nelson created

Answer 6

Earth Day

Question 7

Aquatic biologist for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Answer 7

Rachel Carson

Question 8

Her book 1962 book broadens resource conservation to include the ___ of our air, water soil, and wildlife. Not just focus on specific
properties, species.

Answer 8

Rachel Carson - Quality

Question 9

Wrote: Industrial Poisons in the United States
* Opposed lead in paint, gasoline

Answer 9

Alice Hamilton

Question 10

Promoted a pragmatic “Wise
Use” or Utilitarian Conservation

Answer 10

Gifford Pinchot

Question 11

What is Gifford Pinchot’s point?

Answer 11

Conserve “not because they are beautiful or because they shelter wild creatures of the wilderness, but only to provide homes and jobs for people.” Resources
used for “the greatest good, for the greatest number of people, for the longest time”.

Question 12

He Wrote: Man and Nature (1864). Warnings about
uncontrolled spoiling of the environment from observations of his travels.

Answer 12

Perkins Marsh

Question 13

Called “the fountain- head of the conservation movement”

Answer 13

Perkins Marsh

Question 14

Wrote of nostalgia for lost wilderness
- Advocated rejecting material goods
* Sought harmony by contemplation and scientific study of nature
* Advocated each city / town have a large park or
primitive forest

Answer 14

Henry David Thoreau

Question 15

Scientist – early ecologist studied resource conservation principles

Answer 15

Perkins Marsh