Chapter 9: Conservation Through Ecosystem Management Flashcards
To maintain overall ecological integrity of the environment while ensuring that ecosystem outputs meet human needs on a sustainable level.
Ecosystem management
a species that can only be preserved with an ecosystem management
approach to its obligate habitat, old growth conifer forests.
The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina),
is an approach that defines management strategies for entire systems, accounting for interactions among components, cumulative impacts, and the integral role of humans as both beneficiaries and drivers of ecosystem processes.
Ecosystem-based management (EBM)
The direct and indirect benefits people obtain from ecosystems
Ecosystem services
4 Ecosystem Services
(1) provisioning services
- services or goods needed to produce basic material needs, such as food and
water
(2) regulating services - services which regulate characteristics of the ecosystem, such as climate or water
quality, and thus provide stability for human activities and environments in which provisioning services can be produced),
(3) cultural services (materials or experience humans value for non-instrumental purposes, such as education, recreation, or spiritual appreciation), and
(4) supporting services- services which provide a medium (air, water, land) for supporting or permitting the operation of other activities
a framework for organizing information
needed to guide EBM.
Integrated ecosystem assessment (IEA)
Requirements for criteria that can be used to define ecosystem-based management
- General Criteria
- Specific ecological criteria
- Specific human dimension criteria
- Specific management criteria
The choice of method used to inform decisions is arguably the most critical step in creating effective systems of EBM. A good EBM plan does more than track values of indicator variables. It integrates management actions into experimental analysis of change in indicators, an approach known as
Adaptive Management
Performance- based evaluation indicator: are appropriate in production-oriented ecosystem management in systems managed to produce certain levels of production, like a specified level of stock or biomass of some resource, such as timber or game that a manager wants to remove from the system
Target Indicators
(Performance-based Evaluation): are used in risk-averse ecosystem management. Here the concern is avoidance of unacceptable risk, such as endangerment of key species. The limit indicator serves as part of an “early warning system” designed to detect or predict the point where the system begins to come under stress.
Limit Indicators
can be defined, on a case-bycase (protected area-by-protected area) basis, and threats to them identified, by using comprehensive scientific methods
to map and analyze land-use changes in and around the protected area.
protected area-centered ecosystems (PACEs)
include movements of material, organisms, and energy that are waterborne or airborne, as well as movements of disturbances such as fire.
Ecological flows
include season-specific use areas, population sources areas, movement paths, or some portions of annual
home ranges for populations within protected areas.
Crucial habitats
Watersheds and wetlands are examples of an EBM approach known as, ___ a category of EBM methods that invoke ____.
sectoral management
spatial planning
is particularly helpful in marine systems where system boundaries are three-dimensional and more difficult
to define
Sectoral management
