Chapter 10: Values and Ethics in Conservation

Question 1

refers to a general basis for an estimation of worth.

Answer 1

Values

Question 2

are systematic organizations of values that establish principles for conduct
and behavior. Ethics reflect “practical philosophy,” an ability – refined by education, training, and experience – to
choose between right and wrong

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

The mistake is so common that philosophers have given the error its own name, the _____: the error of arguing for what ought to be based on how things are.

Answer 3

naturalistic fallacy

Question 4

refers to the value of a resource’s
expected future use (i.e., what a person would be willing to pay to guarantee that the resource would be available for
future use).

Answer 4

Option value

Question 5

is the value of preserving
options, given an expectation of growth in knowledge that might lead to a future, but as-yet undiscovered or unrealized
use of the resource. This value can be conceived as a kind of “speculation value”

Answer 5

Quasi-option value

Question 6

is the value of knowing that something is preserved for future generations

Answer 6

Bequest value

Question 7

is the value of knowing something exists at the moment (Randall 1986). In other words,the object is not something you are going to use now or in the
future, but you derive pleasure and satisfaction simply from
knowing that it is there.

Answer 7

Existince value

Question 8

, the value derived from the actual use
of a resource, is the easiest to measure and most amenable to
evaluation by market forces.

Answer 8

Use value

Question 9

asserts that the fundamental entity to which both values and rights apply is the biotic community, not individual specimens or species.

Answer 9

Ecocentrism

Question 10

the idea that moral standing ought to be conveyed to things (animals, plants, species, the earth) that traditionally are not thought of as having moral standing.

Answer 10

Moral extensionism