Consequences Table3 Flashcards
Consequence 1 of The bay of pigs invasion
P- A consequence of the bay of pigs invasion was stronger relations between Cuba and the USSR.
E- After the invasion Castro declared the Cuba was officially communist. He asked Khrushchev for the USSRs help to defend Cuba against further invasions. Khrushchev responded publicly that the USSR would provide military support to Cuba.
E- This increased cold war tensions because the USSR now have an alliance to a neighbouring country of the USA and the USSR could possibly attack the USA with missiles.
Consequence 2 of The bay of pigs invasion
P- A consequence of the bay of pigs invasion was that it undermined Kennedy.
E- The USA objective was to replace castors regime without making it appear the the USA was involved. However castors army easily defeated the exiles, and it became obvious to the work that the USA was involved.
E- This increased Cold War tensions as the discovery of the USAs involvement made Kennedy look aggressive, proving the USA was just as aggressive as the USSR. Also the failure of the invasion was an embarrassment for the USA.
Consequence 1 of the Cuban missile crisis
P- A Consequence of the Cuban missile crisis was the setting up of a hotline.
E- in June 1963, a direct communications line was set up between Washington and Moscow. Enabling fast communications between the leaders of the two superpowers.
E- This reduced tensions as it allowed decisions to be made quickly and easily unlike the telegram which was used previously.
Consequence 2 of The Cuban missile crisis
P- A Consequence of the Cuban missile crisis were attempts at arms control.
E- The first attempt was the Limited test ban treat of 1963, an agreement signed by the USA, USSR and UK agreeing to not test nuclear weapons underwater or in space. Next in 1967, the USA and USSR signed the outer space treaty, agreeing to not use space for military purposes. Finally, a number of nuclear countries including the USR and the USA, signed the Nuclear non-proliferation treaty in 1968. Agreeing to not sharing their nuclear technology with other countries.
E- This reduced tensions as nuclear countries were no longer in a direct arms race with each other. This also acts as a prevention for any dangerous nuclear testing which could impact another nation, which could be seen as a threat.
Consequence 1 of Prague spring
P- A Consequence of the Prague spring was the development of the Brezhnev doctrine.
E- After the invasion, the soviet leader felt the need to justify their actions. Their justification was the Brezhnev doctrine, stating that any threat to communist rule in any communist state was a threat to all communist countries. This was proven by the intervention of communist countries such as Czechoslovakia and Hungary.
E- This has long term importance as it prevented any further changes to communist reforms and prevented any further attack or disobedience to communism within or outside of a communist state.
Consequence 2 of Prague spring
P- A consequence of the Prague spring was a limited western response.
E- The USA condemned the soviet response to the Prague spring, however no military response was made. The USA only responded with words because like Hungary Czechoslovakia was in the USSRs sphere of influence, so any interference would lead to a nuclear war. There Was also an unspoken agreement made between Washington and Moscow stating they would not interfere in events that happens within each other’s sphere of influence.
E- This reduced tensions as there would be a stalemate in the Cold War, so both sides could only criticise but not interfere.
Consequence 1 of the Cuban revolution
P-A consequence of the Cuban Revolution was an increasing tension between Cuba and the US.
E-Although initially warm to Castro, Eisenhower’s government became increasingly hostile to Castro after the Cubans confiscated land owned by American businesses. Believing Castro to be communist, the Americans refused to recognise the Castro government, and they engaged in economic war against Cuba
E-This worsening relationship between Cuba and the USA was driven by US acceptance of the domino theory. The Americans feared that communist Cuba would cause other South American countries to fall to communism. They therefore sought to undermine Cuba economically and so prevent the spread of communism.
Consequence 2 of The Cuban revolution
P-A consequence of the Cuban Revolution was increasingly warm relations between the Soviets and Cuba.
E-Prior to the Cuban Revolution, the USSR had no interest in Cuba. But in 1960, after the revolution, the USSR agreed it would buy Cuban sugar and the USSR would sell the Cubans weapons.
E-The improving Soviet relations with Cuba were driven by Soviet desire to challenge American power in the Western hemisphere. In doing so, Khrushchev hoped to achieve a victory and so make amends for a loss of face after the West ignored his Berlin Ultimatum.
Consequence 1 of The strategic defence initiative (SDI)
P- A consequence of the SDI was an escalation of the arms race
E- The SDI was a project for developing a way to detect and destroy incoming missiles .It required the use of as of yet undeveloped technology so it required a considerable investment in research and technology. Due to this defence spending under Reagan increased significantly.
E- This increased tensions because if the USA were developing a SDI then the USSR would need to do the same. However, the USSR were already spending 20% of their income on weapons so developing a SDI would increase their spending even more.
Consequence 2 of The strategic defence initiative (SDI)
P- A consequence the SDI was it’s a threat to mutually assured destruction (MAD)
E- MAD was the doctrine that any country which used nuclear weapons would also be destroyed by resulting counter strike. SDI changed this as it was suggested that if the USA developed an effective anti-missile technology, then they would be capable of surviving a counter strike giving the USA an incentive to strike first .However this might tempt the USSR to attack the USA before it develops an effective SDI.
E- This increased tensions as it could turn the Cold War into a ‘hot war’ as the USA and USSR were tempted to launch a nuclear attack on each other.
Consequence 1 of Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’
P- a consequence of Gorbachev’s new thinking was the signing of the intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty.
E- This treaty eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons (short to intermediate range nuclear weapons) and allowed for extensive on site inspections inside the soviet bloc. Gorbachev’s new thinking lead to the treaty because Reagan would prefer Gorbachev’s liberal approach to the govern of the USSR, perestroika.
E- This reduced tensions as it allowed Reagan and Gorbachev to find a middle ground due to political changes
Consequence 2 of Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’
P- A consequence of Gorbachev’s new thinking was the loss of control in the satellite states
E- with the replacement of the Brezhnev doctrine with the Sinatra doctrine, the satellite states no longer had to fear that political reform, including the abandonment of communism, would result in soviet invasion. Also Hungary, who were invaded by the USSR promised it would hold democratic elections. The USSR did nothing and soon after satellite states implemented similar reforms.
E- This increased tensions as the USSR looked weaker to the USA due to its lack of control over satellite states and put the USA in a stronger position in the Cold War.
