Consequences of the Gap Flashcards
What are the implications of the development gap at different scales for the world’s poorest people?
The development gap means that poverty is common in least developed countries. Especially in sub-saharan Africa.
In many countries males still have more access to education than females, and this has an impact on opportunities later in life.
In some situations, such as the Indian Caste system, society has built inequality into the social system.
Intra country variations…
there are huge regional differences between countries such as between rural and urban areas, coastal areas and inland areas.
Consequences of the development gap:
Unemployment Lack of proper shelter Lack of sanitation Lack of food Lack of clean water Disease Lack of education. Poor health care Discrimination Crime Poverty Poor quality of life Higher infant mortality rate
There are differences between rich and poor… …and then within the rich and poor, some LDCs are much worse than others.
…and then within the rich and poor, some LDCs are much worse than others.
There’s difference within countries as well, e.g Ghana- the North and the South.
Urban/Rural- for instance, much more cost effective for service provision in urban areas as there is a higher concentration of people.
What is the development gap like between rural and urban areas?
Hyper urbanisation shows the difference between urban and rural. This is however perhaps a simplification of the real situation.
Living conditions in urban areas for poor people aren’t much better than that of living conditions in rural areas.
Opportunity gap between rural and urban areas.
People leave rural areas and this makes them less likely to develop and more likely to be deprived- exacerbating the problem.
Brown Agenda- environmental problems caused by hyper-urbanisation
There are inequalities within society…
Men and women
Young and old
Rich and poor
Why are minority groups often worse off?
Often worse off because politically they don’t have much power- there is very little representation of them. This could be because they are there illegally or because they are part of the informal economy. They may also be illiterate. In poorer countries, people are likely desperate. Some people who have little do not want to share with those who have even less- discrimination is even more so as a result of an attempt to hold on to the little resources available to them.
Migrants are discriminated against…
Zimbabwean refugees in Zambia & Afghan refugees in Pakistan.
The migrants have very little and may have a language barrier.
They can be easily exploited- don’t understand/ don’t know rights.
Migrants tend to be discriminated against.
Ethnic groups are discriminated against…
1980s/1990s East Timor, Portuguese colony until 1975. On the island there was a local, indigenous population. Once Portuguese left the Indonesian governments took over.
This led to conflict because the indigenous East Timorese faced discrimination.
Guerilla war between government and East Timorese.
Religious groups are discriminated against…
Caste system in Hindu India, it is illegal but still persists- people in the untouchable caste have lower life expectancy, literacy rates.
Traditional beliefs leads to discrimination.
In Sub-Saharan Africa in Gabon poverty rates for indigenous people are twice as high.
62% of the indigenous people of Peru are below poverty line.
35% of the non-indigenous people of Peru are below poverty line.
Shanty town- Mumbai, Dharavi.
Standards of living low
Violence, gang warfare
Unhealthy environments
Young people most vulnerable- no opportunities, drugs, violence.
Although statistically there are more services in urban/ mega cities, the very poorest people living there can’t access them.
Mega cities have lots of air pollution, factories, cars
Toxic waste
Particulate matter
