consent and control Flashcards
what relgious changes were there to the curiculum
compulsory RE in elementary schools in 1923
and in secondary schools in 1929
the cult of mussolini changed the ciriculum how?
portrait of m in all classrooms
all pupils fiven notebook with mussolini as the cover
school day began by raising the tricolour flag, prayers twice daily
in 1926 how many history textbooks were banned
101 out of 317
in 1928, what textbook was introduced
the libro unico
in 1935 military education was introduced what did this cover
history, weapons and tactics
what year was anti semtism taught in schls
1938
professors had to take an oath of loyalty, how many refused
11 out of 1250
did all teachers have to wear facost uniforms and had to be party memebers
yes
teachers had to join what in 1934
the ONB as leaders
in what year did all teavher associations have to be merged into facists associations
1931
1938 racial laws said what
no to jewish people
in uni’s there was an emphasis on what subjects and why
science and tech to make guns
What age were the children of the wolf
birth to age 8
what age were the balilla
8 to 11
what age were the balilla musketeers
11 to 14
what age were the vanguard
14 to 16
what age were the vanguard musketeers
16 to 18
the facist organisation for girls was called what
fascio femminile
when italian men hit the age of 18 what happened
they were conscripted into the royal army
what was ‘pre avieri’
training for the air force
what was the alpine training course called
reparti alpini
for ages 14+ how many days a week of school did they have to do
6 days a week and military training on week days
what does chauvisnistic mean
soliders willing to die for their country
why did the girls not enjoy their activities
preferred sport over motherhood
why was facist education hampered by demographic differences
the south didnt listen and worked on the farm as they didnt believe in it
what organisation closed down so the OND could take over
socialist organisations for worker recreation welfare
the OND provided what social sporting activities
bars, cycling groups, football teams etc
true or false- the OND privided rail ticket discoounts
true
how many members did the OND have in 1939
4 million
what did the OND do for holidays
subsided holidays, families could go to mountain retreats or the beach for virtually no cost
whats the main negative about the OND
many only joined bc of the mass range of services meaning it didnt create loyal facists
whats the 3 word saying mussolini uses
believe
obey
fight
what does ubiquitous mean
everywhere
what does multifaceted mean and how does it link to Mussolini
appealing to everyone
mussolini tried to interested every group in italy (cult of mussolini)
what was the purpose of the cult of IL duce
his image was broadcasted and propagated through posters to portray himself as a leader with immense ability
how many pictures of il duce were there and how many different poses did he broadcast
30 million pics
2500 different poses
what did the italian people belive in more? facism or mussolini?
mussolini
how were newspapers used by the fascist regime
trasmitted new ideas
banned antifacist newspapers
promoted facists ideology
what was the italian daily newspaper and what did it contain
osservatore romano
contained catholic church and the papal state
how was art used in italy
used as propoganda
diversity in art
artists commissioned to produce art that represented facist rule
glorified facism
who was the main man who made films
giuseppe forzano
how was cinema used in the fascist regime
plays and films provided stories about three patriotic leaders who the audience were encouraged to link to mussolini
what three films glorified fascism
pilot
seige of alcazar
vecchia guardia
how was architecture used by the regime
demonstrated fascist dynamism
and strength
how long was the foro mussolini sports centre opened for
1928-1938
what was the biggest project building in mussolinis reign
esposizione universale roma
(EUR)
what leader replaced farinucci
turati
how many people did turati throw out of the party
50,000-60,000
how many new facists joined the party due to turati
800,000
why did faraccii get replaced
he was an extremist and encouraged violence towards catholics and socialists
what was mussolinis trade union policy
takes interests of industrialists and facsist syndaclists
what was the rocco law 1931
syndicates had a right of representation, compulsory, arbitration of workers disputes about pay
what did syndacalism
presented as an ecnomic system between capitalism and communism relates to socialism union
what restricted mussolini from controlling the nationalists
hindered his ability to stay in power
in 1926, how many facists left voluntarily and why
110,000- didnt like mussolini
what did new members only care about when joining the fascist regime
employment benefits
the king didnt allow mussolinis army to do what
the fascist salute
didnt allow the fascist symbol to be incorporated into the italian flag
the FGC’s role was formalised as the most important legal body in what year
1928 decemeber
on may 1928 how mant deps did the FGC say parliament could be made up of
400
how many times a week did M meet with the king
2
what influenced mussolini into establishing the decrees
hitler pressured him
what were the features of the anti semetic decrees
jews couldnt marry ‘pure’ italians
jews expelled form schools
foreign jews had to be deported (only 6000 left)
jews couldnt own over 50 hectorso of land
what was the reform of customs
an ideological campaign that forced all civil servants to wear uniforms and the army and militia to adopt the passo romano
italians cant shake hands, have to do the roman salute
consequences of anti semtic decrees on the church?
pope didnt like them so M strengthened catholicsim in schools so the church now has independence from M
consequences of anti semtic decrees on other countrues
european jews had been critical of italys attack on abyssina
stronger alligmnet with nazi ger
damage to relations w western europe
consequences of anti semtic decrees on the fascist party
10,000 jews in PNF
mussolinis mistress was a jew
in 1938, jews excluded from the PNF
due to the anti semetic decrees how many ppl did the facists lose
160,000
what was the vidoni palace pact 1925
banned trade unions of catholics and socialists
1926 strikes forbidden
what was the semetic document called that ruled out jews from the italian race
manifesto of radical scientists
what were the lateran pacts
The Lateran Pacts, signed in 1929 between Italy and the Holy See, were a set of agreements that settled the long-standing “Roman Question” and established the Vatican City as an independent state
how much compensation did the church get due to the lateren pacts
750 million lire
impact of the lateran pacts on the church
all demands met
took part in everyday fascism
deeply involved in italians lives
concordat signed that regulated the relationship betwen church and italy
impact of the lateran pacts on italy
muss and church co-operated
catholicism was italys main relgion
vatican city dependent
impacted family law and civil codes
impact of the lateran pacts on M
he solved roman question
solidifed his inlfuence on church
family was baptized and he gave money to restore churches
what was catholic action
organised sports for youth
working towards the renewal of Catholic life in families and society
who was salvemini
memeber of PSI
kept quiet until 1924
spoke out against matteoti murder
who was gramsci
head of PCI, sentenced to 20 yrs in 1926
who was gobatti and amendola
anti fascist liberal politicans
both died in 1926 from blackshirt attacks
who were the rosselli brothers
anti fascists, fled to paris and set up organisations
helpednanti F soliders in spansih civil war
