Consciousness

Question 1

What are the features of be conscious of something

Answer 1

• Becoming of alternative interpretation of ambitious visual features (understanding complex visual elements)
• Becoming aware of the hum of air conditiong - after the sound stops (being aware of sound after it stops)
  Becoming aware of sensations form the soles of your feet

Question 2

What are the features of Idea of consciousness as a state

Answer 2

Being conscious and alert, or a sleep, meditating, in a coma or in an ‘alerted state of consciousness’

Question 3

Are the two sense of consciousness inter-dependent

Answer 3

Even though they are different the two senses of consciousness are also inter-dependent

Question 4

What is an EEG

Answer 4

Electrophotography (EEG)
- Record tiny electrical changes at scalp surface
- An indirect measure of underlying brain activity
Several intervening layers of tissue between electrodes & brain

Question 5

What is the EEG pattern for normal, walking, alert problem solving and the frequency?

Answer 5

Beta, 13-24

Question 6

What is the EEG pattern for drowsy, deep relaxation, medtation and the frequency?

Answer 6

Alpha, 8-12

Question 7

What is the EEG pattern for light sleep and the frequency?

Answer 7

Theta, 4-7

Question 8

What is the EEG pattern for deep sleep and the frequency?

Answer 8

Delta, less than 4

Question 9

Describe stage 1 of sleeping

Answer 9

Stage 1: Hypnogenic sleep
- Breathing becomes deeper & more regular
- Presence of theta wave
- Last about 5 minutes - also known as hypnogogic sleep
- Easy to awaken
- Hypnic jerk

Question 10

Describe stage 2 of sleep

Answer 10

• Last about 20 minutes
  
  • Relatively easy to awaken (but ore deeply asleep than stage 1)
  • Presence of sleep spindles in EEG recordings
  • Sleep spindles may play am important role in consolidating memories formed during the day

Question 11

Describe stage 3 & 4 of sleeping

Answer 11

Stage 3 & 4 (slow wave sleep)
- Slow, high amplitude waves in EEG recording - delta waves
- Difficult to awaken - deeply asleep
Heart rate & breathing sow down; body temperature decreases

Question 12

Describe REM sleep

Answer 12

• Occurs 60 - 90 minutes after sleeping
  
  • Rapid eye movements
  • EEG record resembles waking patter (paradoxical sleep)
  • REM sleep associated with dreaming
    ○ Correspondence is not perfect
    ○ REM dreams vs NREM dreams (likely to say they were dreaming)
    NREM dreams: are things your thinking about
  • Postural muscles are relaxed
    Breathing & heart rate fast & irregular; genital arousal

Question 13

Changes in sleep patterns with age

How many hours do infants sleep per day
- Between REM and NREM which is the high proportion

What stage decreases of sleep decreases from 40yrs onwards

Answer 13

• Infants may sleep 13 - 16hrs per day
  ○ Higher proportion of REM sleep

Proportion of slow wave sleep decreases from 40ys onwards