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intro to psych > consciousness > Flashcards

consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

the continuous stream of perception, thoughts, feelings or sensation which we are?aware from moment to moments

A

consiousness.

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2
Q

what are the dreaming hypnosis alcohol and drugs sleep example of?

A

altered sleep of consciousness.

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3
Q

what are the altered states of consciousness?

A

they are mental states other than ordinary working consiouseness.

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4
Q

what is the most fundamental altered state of consciousness?

A

sleep

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5
Q

what is the consciousness defined to?

A

awarness.

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6
Q

controlled largely by the brain, fluncuates 24 hours cycles?

A

circadian rythm

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7
Q

what is a circadian rhythm?

A

a bilogical clock.

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8
Q

when from most of us alertness decreases?

A

from 2 to 5 pm and 2 to 7 am

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9
Q

what other factors can influence other than circadian rythm?

A

noon, seasons, and various biologial factors.

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10
Q

what is the circadian rhythm controlled by?

A

controlled lagely by the brain

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11
Q

how much timing does the circadian rhythm involves?

A

24 hours variation

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12
Q

what can modify our circadian rhythm?

A

external stimuli such as alarm clock artificial lights and job shifts

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13
Q

what is the time indicate when there is a subject who has no environment cue?

A

25 hours

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14
Q

what is the human body temperature can range?

A

36 deg

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15
Q

true or false.

people sleep when their body temperature is at the highest?

A

False, lowest

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16
Q

what is the most relevant to human aside from circadian rhythm?

A

infradian and ultradian rhythm.

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17
Q

why hunger patterns, heartbeats and eyeblinks are example of infradian rhythms?

A

because it occurs more several times in a day.

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18
Q

biological patterns occurs more than once in a day?

A

infardian Rhythms.

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19
Q

examples of infadian Rhythms?

A

eyeblinks, heartbeat and hunger patterns.

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20
Q

a rhythm that exceeds a 24 hours?

A

infradian Rhythms.

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21
Q

how many categories of sleep?

A

2

N-Rem sleep and Rem sleep.

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22
Q

an example of infrdian rhythms?

A

gorls period.

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23
Q

what often N-Rem sleep called?

A

the Quiet sleep

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24
Q

why N-Rem is called a quiet sleep?

A

because theres a slow body movement and the the blood pressure and the brain activity at the lowest point.

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25
Q

How many stage of sleep?

A

4 stages.

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26
Q

what each stage is identified as in N-Rem

A

Brain Wave Pattern.

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27
Q

slow waves goes with and large waves goes with?

A

slow waves goes with deep sleep and fast waves goes with light sleep.

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28
Q

. Transition from waking to sleeping?
. Transition from light to deeper sleep?
. Deeper sleep.
. Much deeper sleep.

A

NREM stage #1 (theta waves) fast waves
NREM stage #2 (Complex Wave)
NREM stage #3 (delta waves) Large slow waves
NREM stage #4 (delta waves) much larger slower waves

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29
Q

how does the slow waves began in stage #3?

A

when EEG show 20% of delta waves.

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30
Q

how does the deepest sleep begins in stage #4?

A

begins when 50% of the waves are delta waves.

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31
Q

when does Rem begins?

A

it begins when the transition back through stage #3 and stage #2 we renter stage #1.

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32
Q

In which period the brain is in stage #1?

A

the period when the brain is highly active.

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33
Q

The Rem sleep sometimes called?

A

the active sleep.

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34
Q

what happens in REM sleep?

A

adrenaline shoots the system/ Blood pressure and heart rate increases/ respiration becomes quicker/ characterized by vivid dreams/ large muscles paralize.

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35
Q

a sleep cycle lasting about 90 minutes and including one or more stages of NREM sleep followed by a period of rem sleep?

A

sleep cycles

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36
Q

how many sleep cycles is there?

A

4

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37
Q

how long does it last each cycle?

A

90 min

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38
Q

which stage begins with a few minutes in light sleep?

A

NREM stage #1

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39
Q

which stage in sleep is somewhat more deeply sleep?

A

NREM stage #2

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40
Q

which stage is the beginning of slow wave sleep deep sleep?

A

NREM stage #3

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41
Q

which stage in sleep is the deepest sleep?

A

NREM stage #4

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42
Q

what is delta wave associated with?

A

Deep Sleep.

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43
Q

what type of waves are delta waves?

A

slow waves.

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44
Q

how long does it last first rem period after entering stage #2 and 3?

A

10 to 15 min

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45
Q

what is REM may be necessary?

A

maturation of brain in infants.

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46
Q

what does REM involve?

A

consolidation of memory.

47
Q

what does REM serve?

A

mental house cleaning.

48
Q

A tiny piece of brain tissue located in the hypothalamus?

A

suprachiasmatic nuclease.

49
Q

what does the suprachiasmatic nuclease control and what does it refer to?

A

controls the timing of circadian rhythm and refers to a biological clock.

50
Q

where does the suprachiasmatic nuclease located?

A

it’s located in the hypothalamus of the brain

51
Q

what does the suprachiasmatic nuclease responds to?

A

responds to light particularly sunlight.

52
Q

mental activity occuring during NREM sleep that is more thoughtlight in quality that are REM dream?

A

NREM dreams.

53
Q

a type of dream that someone is aware of and influence the control while in progress?

A

Lucid dream.

54
Q

dream are generally reflected?

A

our perception thoughts hopes and worries.

55
Q

how does the dream function to satisfy according to freaud?

A

to satisfy our sexual and aggressive wishes.

56
Q

the dream is recalled by the dreamer?

A

manifest content of dream.

57
Q

how does our wishes appear in our dreams?

A

appears in a symbolic form.

58
Q

what does frauds differentiate?

A

to manifest the content of dream and the latent content of dream?

59
Q

the dormant and undeveloped content which has an underlying meaning?

A

latent content of dream.

60
Q

what does the symbol of dream perceived?

A

an individual meaning rather than universal?

61
Q

what is the average hours of adult sleep?

A

7.5 Hours, with extra hour in the weekend

62
Q

is 7.5 hours enough for everyone?

A

to much for some and to little for some.

63
Q

how many hours required for short sleepers and how many hours required for long sleepers? and how many percent of short and long sleepers are they?

A

20% of short sleepers 6 hours required and 10% of long sleepers required more than 9 hours.

64
Q

how many hours of sleep could a participant could not get by in a sleep experiment?

A

4.5 hours

65
Q

what is the minimum hours of sleep?

A

6.5

66
Q

according to national sleep foundation in united states how many hours of sleep is required for teens and middle aged adults?

A

8 hours of sleep

67
Q

sleep disturbance in which behavior states normally occur only in waking state?

A

parasomnia.

68
Q

when does the waking state takes place in parasomnia?

A

transition from sleeping to walking state.

69
Q

what are sleep walking and sleep terrors?

A

are two parasomnias.

70
Q

when does the sleep alking and sleep terrors occur? and why?

A

occurs in stage #4. the sleeper does not come to full conciousness.

71
Q

what does the sleep apnea consists?

A

consists a period when the breathing stops.

72
Q

what are the major symptoms of sleep apnea?

A

excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snorting.

73
Q

what can sleep apnea could lead to?

A

chronic blood pressure and cardivuscular disease.

74
Q

characterized by falling or staying a sleep?

A

insomnia.

75
Q

what other things that insomnia that is characterized by?

A

waking up early light sleep and restless, poor sleep quality.

76
Q

how long does insomnia last and what does it result?

A

it last 3nweeks or fewer can results from jetlag injuries interfers with sleep.

77
Q

how long does the chronic insomnia last?

A

4 month or even years.

78
Q

by how many percent does adults suffer with insomnia?

A

20%

79
Q

an incadable disprder charchterized br escessive daytime sleeiness and uncontrollabe attach of rem sleep?

A

nacrolepsy.

80
Q

somnambulism a sleep walking occurs in?

A

stage #4

81
Q

what does involve when someone suffers with narcolepsy?

A

accidents virtually everywhere

82
Q

what is narcolepsy caused by?

A

abnormality in the brain and strong genetic components.

83
Q

how does the most causes occur in sleep walking?

A

in childhood delayed development, in the nervous system

84
Q

what does the sleep walking combine?

A

it combines the delta alpha and beta waves.

85
Q

a terrifying dreams occur on Rem Sleep?

A

NIGHTMARES.

86
Q

what nightmare can be reaction and what is more frequent?

A

a traumatic life most frequent, anxiety and emotional upheaval.

87
Q

when sleep terrors occur and when anxiety nightmare occur?

A

sleep terrors occur in deep sleep ( stage #4) and anxiety nightmares occur towards morning, when the REM periods are the longest.

88
Q

in which stage sleep talking occur?

A

any stage.

89
Q

what are the three sleep disorders?

A

sleep apnea/ narcolepsy/ insomnia.

90
Q

any substance that alters ur mood ur perceptions or thought?

A

psychoactive drugs.

91
Q

what is it called when the drug approved for medical use only?

A

controlled substance.

92
Q

the body’s natural ability to protect itself against harmful substances?

A

physical drug dependence.

93
Q

the drug triggers a surge of dopamine molecules into a part of the brain limbic system as.

A

nucleas accumbens.

94
Q

what does the physical drug dependence develop?

A

drug tolerence.

95
Q

a condition which the user becomes progressively less effected?

A

drug tolerence.

96
Q

why large drug doses are necessary in drug tolerence?

A

to achieve or maintain the same effect to be less affected by the drug.

97
Q

a craving or irascible urge for drug pressure effect?

A

psychological drug dependence.

98
Q

what happen when drug is taken away.

A

withdrawal symptoms

99
Q

what are the drug withdrawal symptoms?

A

physical and psychological symptoms react opposite of the drug.

100
Q

what does the stimulants call?

A

Uppers.

101
Q

what is a stimulant?

A

a category of a drug.

102
Q

what does the stimulant do?

A

speed up the activity in the central nervous system.

103
Q

what can the stimulant increase?

A

blood pressure and respiration.

104
Q

what can stimulants decrease?

A

blood flow

105
Q

how can stimulants make you feel?

A

they make you feel energetic , awake alert and suppress appetite

106
Q

what are the legal stimulants.

A

caffeine and nicotine.

107
Q

what are the controlled stimulants?

A

amphetamine.

108
Q

what are the illegal stimulants?c

A

cocaine or crack.

109
Q

what does the amphetamine do to the central nervous system.

A

increase arousal, relive fatigue, suppress appetite.

110
Q

what is the most powerful amphetamine.

A

metamphetanine.

111
Q

in which form doe the methamphetanine come?

A

smokable Ice.

112
Q

addictive types of narcotics?

A

cocaine heroine codeine.

113
Q

a class of dpressent that have pain relienig.

A

naroctics.

114
Q

drugs that dicreases the the activity in the central nervous system?

A

depressents

intro to psych (3 decks)

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