CONO Pharmacology Flashcards
tiotropium bromide
bronchodilator - long acting, COPD maintenance, CI: milk allergy
Salbutamol
bronchodilator - acute COPD, asthma CI: pregnancy
Montelukast
maintenance for asthma/allergy, esophageal esophagitis
Mometasone
maintenance asthma/allergy, strong topical corticosteroid
Epinephrine
acute asthma(inhale), anaphylatic
fluticasone
prophylactic asthma, esophageal esophagitis, inhaled corticosteroid, CI: milk protein allergy, asthma attack
diphehydramine “benadryl”
allergy
loratadine “claritin”
seasonal allergies - H1 receptor antagonist
dextromethorphan “benylin”
anti-tussive, risk of serotonin syndrome
Phenylephrine
nasal congestant spray, mydriosis
Pseudoephedrine
nasal congestion
Guaifenesin
expectorant
5-fluorouracil
carcinomas, actinic keratosis, Preg D
paclitaxel
advanced ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, Prg X
Doxorubin
endometrial kaposi’s, ovarian, metastatic breast cancer
Methotrexate
choriocarcinoma, trophoblastic, leukemias, lung cancer, psoriasis, RA Preg X because it depletes folic acid
Caffeine
migraines
Dihydroergotamine
migraines, Preg X
Sumatriptan
migraines (5-HT agonist)
B-interferon
MS, lots of Side effects
Rivastigmine
Alzheimer’s, MS
Donepezil
MS, Alzheimer’s
Pregnenolone
increases memory
Cyclobenzaprine
painful muscle spasms
Gabapentin
epilepsy, neuropathic pain
Phenytoin
1st line tonic/clonic seizures, partial seizures, status epileptics, Preg X, lots of side effects
levodopa-carbidopa
parkinson’s, don’t tale B6 CI: lactation, acute MI, narrow angle glaucoma
Pramipexole
parkinson’s, restless legs, SE: sudden sleep
Prochlorperazine
anti-emetic, antilytic, antipsychotic I” Kava, angerlica, hypericum
Phentermine
appetite suppressant
methylphenidate
ADHD, narcolepsy
dextroamphetamine
ADHD, narcolepsy
latanoprost
open angle glaucoma, HTN
amiodarone
anti-arrhymic, lots of SE & CI
digoxin
heart failure, atrial fib. (2nd)
I: hydrastis, convallaria, leonarus, glycyrrhiza, st. john’s. CI: digitalis, Vtachy/fib, obstructive cardiomyopathy
Spironolactone
K+ sparing diuretic - weakest
Furosemide
loop diuretic - strong CI: lactation/preg
hydrochlorothiazide
medium diuretic, sulfur based
I: glycyrrhiza CI: hepatic/renal impairment
Trandolapril
ACE inhibitor, HTN, Preg D
Lisinopril
ACE inhibitor, vasodilator
decrease mortality in stable MI within 24 hours
Captopril
ACE inhibitor, increase systemic vasodialation, saves kidney function in diabetes
Valsartan
ANG2 Antagonist, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, decrease effective circulating volume
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blocker - Black People HTN CI: sidenafil
Metoprolol
selective B1 blocker - HTN, migraine prophylaxis
Atenolol
selective beta blocker - angina & HTN, decrease CV mortality and risk of repeat MI
CI: preg/lact
Propranolol
Beta blocker, non-selective
angina, MI, migraine prophylaxis, post. MI, cardiomyopathy
CI: Asthma, 2nd/3rd Block, COPD, DM, Hyperkalemia
Carvedilol
Beta blocker non-selective
HTN - 2nd line, CHF, Lv dysfunction
decrease mortality/hospitalization in CHF
Clonidine
alpha 2 adrenergic agonist - centrally acting
essential/renal/malignant HTN
Clopidogrel
unstable angina, prophylaxis stroke/MI, antiplatelet
Pentoxifylline
peripheral vascular dz, lower blood viscosity & blood flow
Warfarin
inhibits vitamin k dependant factors (2,7, 9, 10, C, S)
MI, AF, DVT, PE prevention CI: Preg
Changed by: garlic, onions, ginger, gingko, acetaminophen, androgens, beta blockers, corticosteriods, omeprazole, phenytoin
Atorvastatin
HMG-coA reductase CI: Preg I:red yeast extract
Gemfibrozil
VLDL decrease, increase chance of gallstones, Preg C
Rosuvastatin
“crestor” Hmg-coA reductase (modest) Preg D
Isotretinoin
acne Preg X
Clindamycin
topical acne, increase risk of clostridium infection
Amantadine
antiviral used in parkinson’s, herpes zoster in immunocompromised
Oseltamivir
tamiflu - influenza A/B
Valacyclovir
herpes zoster, genital herpes, prophylaxis herpes/CMVin immunocompromised
Acyclovir
herpes, varicella, EBV, CMV prevention Caution: KD/LV impairment
Zidovudine
HIV prophylaxis/treatment
Beta-interferon
Chronic Hep B/C, genital warts, tumos, leukemia, Kaposi’s, melanoma, lots of SE Caution: AI dz
Mebendazole
worms CI: preg, children
Hydroxychloroquine
Malaria *RA, SLE, avoid digoxin/alcohol
Nystatin
antifungal (candida)
Fluconazole
systemic antifungal, potentiates warfarn, oral hypoglycemics, Preg C/D, CI: KD/LV dz
Metronidazole
antiprotazoal, BV, Trichmonaise, amoeba, giardia, bacteroides fragilis, clostridium diff, h.pylori
Terbinafine
oral/nail antifungal CI: LV/KD dz, lact, SSRI, Bblockers, MAOs, warfarin
Permethrim
scabies/pest cream
Cephalexin
Beta-lactam, safe in Preg, I- Metformin, Resp
Penicillin
Beta-lactam, gram+ & Neisseria meningitis SE: hairy black tongue,
Amoxicillin
Beta-lactam, Safe in preg, listeria, 1st line bronchitis, h. pylori, PUD, UTI, Salmonella
Doxycycline
tetracycline antibiotic, NOT FOR STAPH, Rickettsia, chalmydia, mycoplasma, borrelia, acne, gonorrhea, syphillis
SE: yellow teeth, black tongue, photoensivity, diarrhea, NV
CI: children <8 yo, preg/lact
Nitrofurantoin
5-mitrofuran, acute UTI or prophylactic
CI: G6PD def, Preg/lact.
Azithromycin
macrolide AB, Safe in pregnancy, strep pneumonia, legionella, clamydial urethritis, chancroid, mycobacterium avium
CI; LV dz
Sulfamethazole/trimethoprim
gram+, UTI, bronchitis, prostatitis, listeria, e.coli, Preg C
Tetracycline
acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, syphilis, NOT FOR PSEUDOMONAS, PROTEUS, Preg D, SE: yellow teeth, photosensitivity
Ciproflaxin/Fluoroquinolone
GI infection, 1st UTI, 2nd TB, Pseudomonas, legionella, s.aureus, s. pneumonae, gonorrhea, meningococcal, CI: MS, Children <8 yo
Mupirocin
topical, impetigo (stap, strep)
Hydroxyzine
Short-term anxiety, antihistamine, sedative
buspirone
GAD, no risk of dependance/withdrawal, no sedation
alprazolam
short-use benzo, increase GABA, Preg D
diazepam
long-acting benzo, anticonvulsant, alcohol withdrawal, mania, anesthesia, severe insomnia
lorazepam
benzo, active seizures, alcohol withdrawal, chemo, NV, panic/anxiety CI: preg/lact
Fluoxetine
SSRI, depression 1st, panic disorder 1st, OCD, bulemia, social phobia, I: MAOs, triclyclic
Citalopram
SSRI, MDD, OCD, panic, social phobia, risk of serotonin syndrome, CI: glaucoma, MAO, QT prolong, Preg
Amitriptyline
tricylic anti-depressant, chronic pain, mood disorder, don’t use with MAO or SSRI CI: CV dz
Phenelzine
MAO inhibitor, Atypical antidepressant
Trazodone
5-HT2 antagonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, depression, panic, anxiety
Zopiclone
non-barbituate hypnotic, widely used, fast acting, short duration
zolpidem “ambien”
non-bartituate, rapid onset, short duration, less side effects CI: hepatic insufficiency
Carbamazepine
Manic-bipolar, trigeminal neuralgia, partial seizures CI: Preg
Lithium
bipolar disorder
Risperidone
schizophrenia/psychosis
Esomeprazole
PPI, GERD 1st line, Zollinger Ellison, PUD, H. pylori. Preg. Safe
Ranitidine
H2 antagonist, anti-ulcer, Preg. Safe
Sucralfate
Duodenal/stress ulcer
Metoclopramide
dopamine-receptor antagonist, anti-nausea (cancer treatment), GERD 2nd line
Misprostal
gastritis, inhibit gastric acid, Preg X
Dicyclomine
IBS, diarrhea, antispasmodic
Bismuth subsalicyte “pepto bismal”
binds to e coli toxins SE: nausea, black tongue, black stool
CI: allergy to salicytes, Preg C/D, lactation
Bisacodyl “dulcolax”
stimulant laxative, constipation
Docusate
stool softner
loperamide
imodium, anti-diarrhea
Desmopressin
vasopressin analog, Von Willebrand’s, hemophilia A, central diabetes insipidus, bedwetting
Sildenafil
viagara
tamusolin
BPH
finasteride
BPH, male baldness
tolterodine
urinary incontinence/over-active bladder
Colchicine
acute gout, causes B12 deficiency
EDTA
lead poisoning
DMSA
lead chelator
Penicillamine
chelates copper (Wilson’s dz), arsenic, lead, RA
DMPS
mercury, arsenic
USP Thyroid
hypothyroid, takes 3 weeks to work
levothyroxine
hypo (t4 to T3)
Propylthiouracil
hyperthyroid (iodide to iodine)
Insulin
DM, risk of hypoglycemia
Metformin
T2DM, SE: B12 deficiency, GI symptims, lactic acidosis
Glyburide
T2DM, increase insulin - hypoglycemia risk CI: sulfur allergy
Clyclosporine
immunosuppressant, transplants, psoriasis, RA CI: lact., hypericum
Dexamethasone
corticosteroid - RA, bronchospasm, thrombocytopenia purpura, hematological maligancies, decrease platelets
Hydrocortisone
immunosuppression, adrenal insufficiency
Adalmumab “humira”
TNF alpha inhibitor - RA, Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s, UC, plaque psoriasis
Abatacept
juvenile arthritis, RA, psoriatic arthritis - regulate T cells
Sulfasalazine
anti-inflammatory, salicyte/sulfur allergy, Crohn’s, RA, UC
Prednisone
immunosuppressant, acute asthma, giant cell arteritis, ITP, RA, SLE, Allergies, transplant
DHEA
addison’s, vaginal atrophy, menopause to increase estrogen/testosterone and decrease cortisol
Alendronate
treat/prevent osteoporosis, Paget’s, away from mineral water, coffee, tea or juice, take standing/sitting with water away from food
Raloxifene
SERM, prophylaxis osteoporosis, lower LDL, increase risk of breast/uterine cancer
CI: preg, lact. DVT, PE, hepatic/renal impairment
Acetylsalicylic acid
topically for neuropathic pain, aspirin + caffeine 1st line for migraines
Naproxen
RA, OA, Ankylosing Spond, migraines, dysmenorrhea, CI: allergy to aspirin, or NSAID, GI ulcers
Ibuprofen
do no combine with aspirin, CI: Preg X, PUD, decrease the effect of ACE inhibitors, Betablockers, diuretic, and decrease cartilage synthesis
Acetaminophen
3g/with alcohol causes liver failure, used when aspirin allergy, PUD, bleeding condition, gout and child viral infection
Celecoxib
OA, RA, pain, dysmenorrhea increased risk of MI, stroke, CI: pregnancy, lactation, aspirin allergy, hepatitis
Ketamine
NMDA, affects cortex & libic system
Methadone
opiod, heroine detox, opiod dependance, analgesia
Morphine
opiod, mod-severe, labour pain
oxycodone
opiod, mod-severe
heroin
opiod, acute pain
Naltrexone
opiod, alcohol dependance
Oxytocin
postpartum, labour induction, abortion
Canabis
analgesic, anti-emetic, appetite stimulant, glaucoma
Methocarbamol
robaxin, MSK pain, muscle relaxant
Methyl salicylate
“bengay”