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CONO Written > CONO Pharmacology > Flashcards

CONO Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

tiotropium bromide

A

bronchodilator - long acting, COPD maintenance, CI: milk allergy

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2
Q

Salbutamol

A

bronchodilator - acute COPD, asthma CI: pregnancy

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3
Q

Montelukast

A

maintenance for asthma/allergy, esophageal esophagitis

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4
Q

Mometasone

A

maintenance asthma/allergy, strong topical corticosteroid

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5
Q

Epinephrine

A

acute asthma(inhale), anaphylatic

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6
Q

fluticasone

A

prophylactic asthma, esophageal esophagitis, inhaled corticosteroid, CI: milk protein allergy, asthma attack

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7
Q

diphehydramine “benadryl”

A

allergy

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8
Q

loratadine “claritin”

A

seasonal allergies - H1 receptor antagonist

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9
Q

dextromethorphan “benylin”

A

anti-tussive, risk of serotonin syndrome

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10
Q

Phenylephrine

A

nasal congestant spray, mydriosis

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11
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

nasal congestion

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12
Q

Guaifenesin

A

expectorant

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13
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

carcinomas, actinic keratosis, Preg D

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14
Q

paclitaxel

A

advanced ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, Prg X

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15
Q

Doxorubin

A

endometrial kaposi’s, ovarian, metastatic breast cancer

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16
Q

Methotrexate

A

choriocarcinoma, trophoblastic, leukemias, lung cancer, psoriasis, RA Preg X because it depletes folic acid

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17
Q

Caffeine

A

migraines

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18
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

migraines, Preg X

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19
Q

Sumatriptan

A

migraines (5-HT agonist)

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20
Q

B-interferon

A

MS, lots of Side effects

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21
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Alzheimer’s, MS

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22
Q

Donepezil

A

MS, Alzheimer’s

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23
Q

Pregnenolone

A

increases memory

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24
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

painful muscle spasms

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25
Q

Gabapentin

A

epilepsy, neuropathic pain

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26
Q

Phenytoin

A

1st line tonic/clonic seizures, partial seizures, status epileptics, Preg X, lots of side effects

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27
Q

levodopa-carbidopa

A

parkinson’s, don’t tale B6 CI: lactation, acute MI, narrow angle glaucoma

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28
Q

Pramipexole

A

parkinson’s, restless legs, SE: sudden sleep

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29
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

anti-emetic, antilytic, antipsychotic I” Kava, angerlica, hypericum

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30
Q

Phentermine

A

appetite suppressant

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31
Q

methylphenidate

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

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32
Q

dextroamphetamine

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

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33
Q

latanoprost

A

open angle glaucoma, HTN

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34
Q

amiodarone

A

anti-arrhymic, lots of SE & CI

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35
Q

digoxin

A

heart failure, atrial fib. (2nd)

I: hydrastis, convallaria, leonarus, glycyrrhiza, st. john’s. CI: digitalis, Vtachy/fib, obstructive cardiomyopathy

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36
Q

Spironolactone

A

K+ sparing diuretic - weakest

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37
Q

Furosemide

A

loop diuretic - strong CI: lactation/preg

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38
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

medium diuretic, sulfur based

I: glycyrrhiza CI: hepatic/renal impairment

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39
Q

Trandolapril

A

ACE inhibitor, HTN, Preg D

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40
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor, vasodilator

decrease mortality in stable MI within 24 hours

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41
Q

Captopril

A

ACE inhibitor, increase systemic vasodialation, saves kidney function in diabetes

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42
Q

Valsartan

A

ANG2 Antagonist, decrease peripheral vascular resistance, decrease effective circulating volume

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43
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker - Black People HTN CI: sidenafil

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44
Q

Metoprolol

A

selective B1 blocker - HTN, migraine prophylaxis

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45
Q

Atenolol

A

selective beta blocker - angina & HTN, decrease CV mortality and risk of repeat MI
CI: preg/lact

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46
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta blocker, non-selective
angina, MI, migraine prophylaxis, post. MI, cardiomyopathy
CI: Asthma, 2nd/3rd Block, COPD, DM, Hyperkalemia

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47
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta blocker non-selective
HTN - 2nd line, CHF, Lv dysfunction
decrease mortality/hospitalization in CHF

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48
Q

Clonidine

A

alpha 2 adrenergic agonist - centrally acting

essential/renal/malignant HTN

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49
Q

Clopidogrel

A

unstable angina, prophylaxis stroke/MI, antiplatelet

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50
Q

Pentoxifylline

A

peripheral vascular dz, lower blood viscosity & blood flow

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51
Q

Warfarin

A

inhibits vitamin k dependant factors (2,7, 9, 10, C, S)
MI, AF, DVT, PE prevention CI: Preg
Changed by: garlic, onions, ginger, gingko, acetaminophen, androgens, beta blockers, corticosteriods, omeprazole, phenytoin

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52
Q

Atorvastatin

A

HMG-coA reductase CI: Preg I:red yeast extract

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53
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

VLDL decrease, increase chance of gallstones, Preg C

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54
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

“crestor” Hmg-coA reductase (modest) Preg D

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55
Q

Isotretinoin

A

acne Preg X

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56
Q

Clindamycin

A

topical acne, increase risk of clostridium infection

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57
Q

Amantadine

A

antiviral used in parkinson’s, herpes zoster in immunocompromised

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58
Q

Oseltamivir

A

tamiflu - influenza A/B

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59
Q

Valacyclovir

A

herpes zoster, genital herpes, prophylaxis herpes/CMVin immunocompromised

60
Q

Acyclovir

A

herpes, varicella, EBV, CMV prevention Caution: KD/LV impairment

61
Q

Zidovudine

A

HIV prophylaxis/treatment

62
Q

Beta-interferon

A

Chronic Hep B/C, genital warts, tumos, leukemia, Kaposi’s, melanoma, lots of SE Caution: AI dz

63
Q

Mebendazole

A

worms CI: preg, children

64
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

Malaria *RA, SLE, avoid digoxin/alcohol

65
Q

Nystatin

A

antifungal (candida)

66
Q

Fluconazole

A

systemic antifungal, potentiates warfarn, oral hypoglycemics, Preg C/D, CI: KD/LV dz

67
Q

Metronidazole

A

antiprotazoal, BV, Trichmonaise, amoeba, giardia, bacteroides fragilis, clostridium diff, h.pylori

68
Q

Terbinafine

A

oral/nail antifungal CI: LV/KD dz, lact, SSRI, Bblockers, MAOs, warfarin

69
Q

Permethrim

A

scabies/pest cream

70
Q

Cephalexin

A

Beta-lactam, safe in Preg, I- Metformin, Resp

71
Q

Penicillin

A

Beta-lactam, gram+ & Neisseria meningitis SE: hairy black tongue,

72
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta-lactam, Safe in preg, listeria, 1st line bronchitis, h. pylori, PUD, UTI, Salmonella

73
Q

Doxycycline

A

tetracycline antibiotic, NOT FOR STAPH, Rickettsia, chalmydia, mycoplasma, borrelia, acne, gonorrhea, syphillis
SE: yellow teeth, black tongue, photoensivity, diarrhea, NV
CI: children <8 yo, preg/lact

74
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

5-mitrofuran, acute UTI or prophylactic

CI: G6PD def, Preg/lact.

75
Q

Azithromycin

A

macrolide AB, Safe in pregnancy, strep pneumonia, legionella, clamydial urethritis, chancroid, mycobacterium avium
CI; LV dz

76
Q

Sulfamethazole/trimethoprim

A

gram+, UTI, bronchitis, prostatitis, listeria, e.coli, Preg C

77
Q

Tetracycline

A

acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, syphilis, NOT FOR PSEUDOMONAS, PROTEUS, Preg D, SE: yellow teeth, photosensitivity

78
Q

Ciproflaxin/Fluoroquinolone

A

GI infection, 1st UTI, 2nd TB, Pseudomonas, legionella, s.aureus, s. pneumonae, gonorrhea, meningococcal, CI: MS, Children <8 yo

79
Q

Mupirocin

A

topical, impetigo (stap, strep)

80
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

Short-term anxiety, antihistamine, sedative

81
Q

buspirone

A

GAD, no risk of dependance/withdrawal, no sedation

82
Q

alprazolam

A

short-use benzo, increase GABA, Preg D

83
Q

diazepam

A

long-acting benzo, anticonvulsant, alcohol withdrawal, mania, anesthesia, severe insomnia

84
Q

lorazepam

A

benzo, active seizures, alcohol withdrawal, chemo, NV, panic/anxiety CI: preg/lact

85
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI, depression 1st, panic disorder 1st, OCD, bulemia, social phobia, I: MAOs, triclyclic

86
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI, MDD, OCD, panic, social phobia, risk of serotonin syndrome, CI: glaucoma, MAO, QT prolong, Preg

87
Q

Amitriptyline

A

tricylic anti-depressant, chronic pain, mood disorder, don’t use with MAO or SSRI CI: CV dz

88
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAO inhibitor, Atypical antidepressant

89
Q

Trazodone

A

5-HT2 antagonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, depression, panic, anxiety

90
Q

Zopiclone

A

non-barbituate hypnotic, widely used, fast acting, short duration

91
Q

zolpidem “ambien”

A

non-bartituate, rapid onset, short duration, less side effects CI: hepatic insufficiency

92
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Manic-bipolar, trigeminal neuralgia, partial seizures CI: Preg

93
Q

Lithium

A

bipolar disorder

94
Q

Risperidone

A

schizophrenia/psychosis

95
Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI, GERD 1st line, Zollinger Ellison, PUD, H. pylori. Preg. Safe

96
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 antagonist, anti-ulcer, Preg. Safe

97
Q

Sucralfate

A

Duodenal/stress ulcer

98
Q

Metoclopramide

A

dopamine-receptor antagonist, anti-nausea (cancer treatment), GERD 2nd line

99
Q

Misprostal

A

gastritis, inhibit gastric acid, Preg X

100
Q

Dicyclomine

A

IBS, diarrhea, antispasmodic

101
Q

Bismuth subsalicyte “pepto bismal”

A

binds to e coli toxins SE: nausea, black tongue, black stool

CI: allergy to salicytes, Preg C/D, lactation

102
Q

Bisacodyl “dulcolax”

A

stimulant laxative, constipation

103
Q

Docusate

A

stool softner

104
Q

loperamide

A

imodium, anti-diarrhea

105
Q

Desmopressin

A

vasopressin analog, Von Willebrand’s, hemophilia A, central diabetes insipidus, bedwetting

106
Q

Sildenafil

A

viagara

107
Q

tamusolin

A

BPH

108
Q

finasteride

A

BPH, male baldness

109
Q

tolterodine

A

urinary incontinence/over-active bladder

110
Q

Colchicine

A

acute gout, causes B12 deficiency

111
Q

EDTA

A

lead poisoning

112
Q

DMSA

A

lead chelator

113
Q

Penicillamine

A

chelates copper (Wilson’s dz), arsenic, lead, RA

114
Q

DMPS

A

mercury, arsenic

115
Q

USP Thyroid

A

hypothyroid, takes 3 weeks to work

116
Q

levothyroxine

A

hypo (t4 to T3)

117
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

hyperthyroid (iodide to iodine)

118
Q

Insulin

A

DM, risk of hypoglycemia

119
Q

Metformin

A

T2DM, SE: B12 deficiency, GI symptims, lactic acidosis

120
Q

Glyburide

A

T2DM, increase insulin - hypoglycemia risk CI: sulfur allergy

121
Q

Clyclosporine

A

immunosuppressant, transplants, psoriasis, RA CI: lact., hypericum

122
Q

Dexamethasone

A

corticosteroid - RA, bronchospasm, thrombocytopenia purpura, hematological maligancies, decrease platelets

123
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

immunosuppression, adrenal insufficiency

124
Q

Adalmumab “humira”

A

TNF alpha inhibitor - RA, Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s, UC, plaque psoriasis

125
Q

Abatacept

A

juvenile arthritis, RA, psoriatic arthritis - regulate T cells

126
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

anti-inflammatory, salicyte/sulfur allergy, Crohn’s, RA, UC

127
Q

Prednisone

A

immunosuppressant, acute asthma, giant cell arteritis, ITP, RA, SLE, Allergies, transplant

128
Q

DHEA

A

addison’s, vaginal atrophy, menopause to increase estrogen/testosterone and decrease cortisol

129
Q

Alendronate

A

treat/prevent osteoporosis, Paget’s, away from mineral water, coffee, tea or juice, take standing/sitting with water away from food

130
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM, prophylaxis osteoporosis, lower LDL, increase risk of breast/uterine cancer
CI: preg, lact. DVT, PE, hepatic/renal impairment

131
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid

A

topically for neuropathic pain, aspirin + caffeine 1st line for migraines

132
Q

Naproxen

A

RA, OA, Ankylosing Spond, migraines, dysmenorrhea, CI: allergy to aspirin, or NSAID, GI ulcers

133
Q

Ibuprofen

A

do no combine with aspirin, CI: Preg X, PUD, decrease the effect of ACE inhibitors, Betablockers, diuretic, and decrease cartilage synthesis

134
Q

Acetaminophen

A

3g/with alcohol causes liver failure, used when aspirin allergy, PUD, bleeding condition, gout and child viral infection

135
Q

Celecoxib

A

OA, RA, pain, dysmenorrhea increased risk of MI, stroke, CI: pregnancy, lactation, aspirin allergy, hepatitis

136
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA, affects cortex & libic system

137
Q

Methadone

A

opiod, heroine detox, opiod dependance, analgesia

138
Q

Morphine

A

opiod, mod-severe, labour pain

139
Q

oxycodone

A

opiod, mod-severe

140
Q

heroin

A

opiod, acute pain

141
Q

Naltrexone

A

opiod, alcohol dependance

142
Q

Oxytocin

A

postpartum, labour induction, abortion

143
Q

Canabis

A

analgesic, anti-emetic, appetite stimulant, glaucoma

144
Q

Methocarbamol

A

robaxin, MSK pain, muscle relaxant

145
Q

Methyl salicylate

A

“bengay”

CONO Written (3 decks)

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