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DLE > Connective tissues - Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Connective tissues - Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

Fiber forming cells

A

Fibroblasts

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2
Q

Monocytes outside the circulatory system; differentiated monocytes; they are formed in the bone marrow

A

Macrophages

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3
Q

Pulp is a connective tissue or not?

A

Connective tissue

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4
Q

The space where we can find the osteoclast/depression

A

Howship’s Lacunae

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5
Q

Function of macrophage
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location: Connective tissues, lymphoid organs, lungs, bone marrow, pleural and peritonea cavities

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6
Q

Function of Kupffer
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location: Liver (Perisinusoidal)

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7
Q

Function of Microlagia
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location: CNS

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8
Q

Function of Dust cells/Alveolar macrophages
(Heart failure cells)
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location: Pulmonary alveoli of lungs

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9
Q

Function of sinus histiocytes
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location; Lymph nodes

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10
Q

Function of Histiocytes (Tissue Macrophages)
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location; Connective tissue

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11
Q

Function of Langerhan’s cells (Stratum spinosum)
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Production of cytokines, chemotactic factors, and inflammatory molecules, Antigen-presenting cells.
-Location; Epidermis

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12
Q

Function of Dendritic cells
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Antigen - presenting cells
-Location; Lymph nodes, spleen

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13
Q

Function of Osteoclast
(Mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

-Digestion bone
-Location: Bone

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14
Q

Function of Epitheloid cells and langhans giant cells (Fused epitheloid cells)

A

-DIgestion of foreign bodies
-Location: Granuloma (Ex. TB)

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15
Q

Function of Hofbauer cells

A

-Prevents transmission of pathogens from mother to fetus
-Location: Placenta

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16
Q

Function of Intraglomerular mesangial cells

A

-Regulates glomerular filtration
-Location: Kidney

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17
Q

-They recognize immediately the harmful organisms

A

Antigen-Presenting cels (APC)
-They are presenting the antigen to the other white blood cells to respond the immune system

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18
Q

Examples of Antigen-presenting cells

A

-Macrophages
-Dendritic cells
-B cells

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19
Q

Fat cell or adipose cells

A

Adipocytes

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20
Q

“Signet ring appearance”

A

Adipocytes

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21
Q

They don’t have direct blood supply and nerve supply
( No pain, Poor regenerative properties)

A

Cartilage

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22
Q

Growth within the tissue; happens only when a cartilage is young and pliable, during childhood and adolescence.

A

Interstitial growth

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23
Q

Chondrogenesis

A

Cartilage formation

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24
Q

Growth at the outer surface; continuous through adolescence.
This is due to addition of matrix at the surface of tissue

A

Appositional growth

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25
Q

Cartilage type (CHEF)

A

Cartilage type (CHEF)
H - hyaline cartilage
E - Elastic cartilage
F - Fibrocartilage

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26
Q

Made up of chondrocytes + few collagen fibers
*Most numerous; weakest

A

Hyaline cartilage

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27
Q

Made up of chondrocytes + elastic fibers
*Least common type

A

Elastic cartilage

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28
Q

Made up of chondrocytes + thick collagen fibers
*Strongest type

A

Fibrocartilage

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29
Q

Example location of Hyaline cartilage

A

*Ends of bones that forms joint
*Nose
*fetal skeleton
*Trachea
*Bronchial tree
*Synchondrosis

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30
Q

Example location of elastic cartilage

A

*Pinna (Auricle) ear
*Epiglottis
*Eustachian tube

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31
Q

Example location of Fibrocatilage

A

*Meniscus of knee joint or TMJ
*Symphysis joints
1. Symphysis menti
2. Symphysis pubis
3. Manubriosternal join
4. Intervertebral disc

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32
Q

Closes the larynx when swallowing preventing food in airway

A

Epiglottis

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33
Q

Connects middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

Eustachian tube

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34
Q

Between manubrium and body of sternum

A

Manubriosternal joint

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35
Q

Manubriosternal joint aka?

A

Sternal angle or “Angle of louis”

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36
Q

Rib that is not palpable because of the presence of clavicle

A

Rib #1

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37
Q

Removal of air/fluid from pleural cavity

A

Thoracentesis

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38
Q

-Aka woven bone or immature bone
-Randomly arranged cells and fibers
-less calcified

A

Primary bone

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39
Q

-Aka Lamellar bone or immature bone
-parallel bundles of collagen
-Heavily calcified (Matured)
-Has 2 subtypes: spongy bone and compact bone

A

Secondary bone

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40
Q

Aka cancellous bone or trabecular bone
Made up of trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

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41
Q

Gaps in between the bone
It houses bone marrow tissues

A

Trabeculae

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42
Q

Strongest type of bone
Functional unit is known as Haversian system or Osteon

A

Compact bone

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43
Q

Outer to protect spongy bone

A

Compact bone

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44
Q

Growth WITHIN the tissue

A

Interstitial

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45
Q

Lengthening of bones

A

Interstitial

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46
Q

Widening of bone

A

Appositional

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47
Q

“ILAW”

A

Interstitial = lengthening of bones
Appositional = widening only

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48
Q

What structure is seen at the central portion of osteon?

A

Haversian canal

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49
Q

-Plasma 55% mostly water around 95% and other substances
-Formed elements 45% blood cell

A

Blood

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50
Q

Growth on EXTERNAL surface

A

Appositional

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51
Q

Pituitary gland releases Growth Hormone which stimulates CARTILAGE CELLS to multiply resulting to LENGTHENING

A

Interstitial bone growth

52
Q

At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in FEMALES

A

1 year after menarche or first menstruation

53
Q

Part of immature bone located between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis which is composed mainly of HYALINE CARTILAGE

A

Epiphyseal plate

54
Q

Closed epiphyseal plate of mature bones is called

A

Metaphysis

55
Q

3 parts of the OUTER EAR (PET)

A

Pinna / auricle
Ext acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane or eardrum

56
Q

What are found in a the middle ear

A

Auditory ossicles

Eustachian tube

57
Q

It is a snail shape that is found in the inner ear

A

Cochlea

58
Q

These are canals found in the inner ear that has fluid for balancing

A

Semicircular canals

59
Q

Most torned ligament in athletes

A

ACL or anterior cruciate ligament

60
Q

Cartilage found in symphysial joints (midline)

A

Fibrocartilage

61
Q

Symphysial joint in the MANDIBLE

A

Symphysis menti

62
Q

Symphysial joint in the hips (pelvic/hip/coxal)

A

Symphysis pubis

63
Q

Sternal angle bet body and manubrium where trachea separates into Left and right Bronchi

A

Angle of Louis

64
Q

Part of trachea in level with sternal angle

A

Carina of trachea

65
Q

Largest foramen in the BODY, seen in the HIP bone

A

Obturator foramen

66
Q

Largest foramen in the HEAD&NECK only

A

Foramen magnum

67
Q

Total number of vertebra In adults

A

26

68
Q

Total number of vertebra in children

A

33

69
Q

55% of blood

A

Plasma

70
Q

45% of blood

A

Formed elements

71
Q

Plasma is 95% _

A

Mostly water

72
Q

Wbc is aka

A

Leukocytes

73
Q

⬆️WBC =

A

Leukocytosis

74
Q

⬇️ WBC =

A

Leukopenia/Leukocytopenia

75
Q

*Modulate/regulate inflammation
*Least numerous; Releases histamine and heparin
*Dark blue/Purple granules
*Bilobed or S-shaped nucleus

A

Basophil

76
Q

Promotes inflammation

A

Histamine

77
Q

Anti-inflammatory

A

Heparin

78
Q

Small compact particles

A

Granules

79
Q

*Parasitic infection
*Kills parasites and modulates inflammation
*Bilobed nucleus
*Red/Dark pink granules

A

Eosinophil

80
Q

*First line of defense of WBCs (kills and phagocytose microorganisms)
*faint/Light pink granules
3-5 lobes nucleus

A

Neutrophils

81
Q

⬆️Neutrophils

A

Acute bacterial infection

82
Q

“stab cells”

A

Immature neutrophils

83
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4,500 - 11,000 cells/microliter of blood

84
Q

Granulocytes aka

A

PMN cells (Polymorphonuclear cells)

85
Q

Granulocytes (BEN)

A

Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophils

86
Q

Largest leukocyte that has single kidney shaped nucleus

A

Monocyte

87
Q

⬆️Lymphocyte (Lymphocytosis)

A

Early stage of viral infection

88
Q

Lymphocyte that matures in Bone marrow

A

B-lymphocyte (B-cells)

89
Q

Lymphocyte that matures in Thymus

A

T-Lymphocyte (T-cells)

90
Q

T helper cell

A

CD4 “CD 4elper”

91
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

A

CD8 “C8totoxic”

92
Q

Special type of CD8 that induced apoptosis to tumor cells

A

Nk cells or natural killer cells

93
Q

Most numerous to least numerous WBC

A

N-ever L-et M-onkey E-at B-ananas
1.Neutrophils
2. Lymphocyte
3. Monocyte
4. Eosinophil
5. Basophil

94
Q

Universal donor

A

O-

95
Q

Universal recipient

A

AB+

96
Q

Most important mineral for RBC production

A

Iron
(Primarily absorbed in duodenum (Small intestine))

97
Q

Most common anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia

98
Q

Ferrous sulfate can cause

A

*Black stool
*Extrinsic stain (Tooth)

99
Q

Triad:
1.Chronic iron deficiency anemia
2.Esophageal webs
3.Dysphagia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

100
Q

Overgrowth of epithelial tissue in esophagus

A

Esophageal webs

101
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

102
Q

in hematology a “shift to the left” means?

A

Increase circulating immature neutrophils (Stab cells)

103
Q

⬆️ RBC

A

Erythrocytosis/Polycythemia vera

104
Q

⬇️ RBC

A

Anemia

105
Q

Most numerous CELLS in the BODY

A

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)

106
Q

Rbc count of females

A

4-5 million cells/microliter of blood

107
Q

Rbc count of males

A

5-6 millions cells/microliter of blood

108
Q

How many days for rbc to mature

A

7 days

109
Q

Hemoglobin count

A

14 grams/dl

110
Q

Platelets aka

A

Thrombocytes

111
Q

Determines fragility of capillaries
*from a bone marrow cell known as megakaryocytes

A

Platelets(Thrombocytes)

112
Q

normal value of platelets

A

150,000 to 450,000 cells/microliter of blood

113
Q

⬆️Platelets

A

Thrombocytosis

114
Q

⬇️Platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

115
Q

Capillary fragility test is also known as?

A

Torniquet test or Rumpel Leede test
(you can see petechiae if capillary is fragile)

116
Q

Tiny red spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin

A

Petechiae

117
Q

Cells that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins that has a clockface or cartwheel nucleus

A

Plasma cells

118
Q

Most numerous; produced by the body when there is infection

A

IgG

119
Q

Characteristic of immunoglobulin
-Body fluids and gastrointestinal tract

A

IgA

120
Q

1st line of defense of immunoglobulins

A

IgM

121
Q

Active during allergic reaction; parasitic infection

A

IgE

122
Q

Unknown function

A

IgD

123
Q

Immunoglobulins found in birds/reptiles/amphibians/egg yolk

A

IgY (Can’t be seen in humans)

124
Q

Color of Artery

A

Red (Oxygenated)

125
Q

Color of Vein

A

Blue (Deoxygenated)

126
Q
A

DLE (8 decks)

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