CONNECTIVE TISSUES Flashcards
herarchy of struccture from cells to systems
cells
tissues
organs
systems
it lines surfaces in the body
epithelial tissues
is made up of fibers that contract
muscle tissues
it consists of cells with projections that transmit electrical signals
nervous tissues
acts as padding under skin and elsewhere
loose connective tissue
these are connective cells in hard or stiff extracellular matrix
bone and cartilage
is a connective tissues made up of cells in a liquid matrix
blood
for protection, secretion, and absorption
Epithelial tissue
it is for support, bind, and protect organs
Connective tissue
it is for contraction
Muscle tissue:
it Develops from the mesoderm
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
it is for information to other cells
Nervous tissue:
it Connects, supports, binds, or separates different types of tissues and organs in the body
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
it is Found in b/w other tissues everywhere in the body, including nervous system
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
3 composition of connective tissues
micture of cells
fibers
ground substance
6 mixtures of cells
FIBROBLASTS
MACROPHAGES
MAST CELLS
PLASMA CELLS
LEUKOCYTES
ADIPOCYTES (FAT CELLS)
it is the Most common cells in connective tissue.
FIBROBLASTS
- Their nuclei are ovoid or spindle shaped and can be large or
small in size depending on their stage of cellular activity.
Synthesis ECM and collagen
FIBROBLASTS
are Highly phagocytic cells that are derived from blood monocytes.
MACROPHAGES
With conventional staining, ———— are very difficult to
identify unless they show visible ingested material inside their
cytoplasm.
MACROPHAGES
the Bone marrow origin and are distributed chiefly around small
blood vessels.
MAST CELLS
They are oval to round in shape, with a centrally placed nucleus.
MAST CELLS
Derived from B lymphocytes
PLASMA CELLS
They are oval shaped and have the ability to secrete antibodies
that are antigen specific.
PLASMA CELLS
White blood cells, are considered the transient cells of connective tissue.
LEUKOCYTES
They migrate from the blood vessels into connective tissue by the process of diapedesis.
LEUKOCYTES
LEUKOCYTES migrate from the blood vessels into connective tissue by the process of
diapedesis.
Arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of connective tissue. They gradually accumulate
ADIPOCYTES
which results in a significant flattening of the nucleus in the
periphery of the cell.
cytoplasmic fat
is a clear, viscous substance with a high
water content, but with very little morphologic structure.
Ground substance
When stained with basic dyes, it
appears amorphous, it appears as a clear space.
Ground substance
basic dyes
(periodic acid-Schiff [PAS])
Its major component is Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which
are long, un-branched chains of polysaccharides with
repeating disaccharide units.
Ground substance
are long, un-branched chains of polysaccharides with
repeating disaccharide units.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),
most of these are covalently bonded to a large central protein to form larger molecules called proteoglycans.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),
Most GAGs are covalently bonded to a large central protein to
form larger molecules called
proteoglycans
3 fibers
collagen
elastic
reticular
are the most common and widespread
fibers in connective tissue.
COLLAGEN FIBERS
it occupies 25-35% of body
Collagen
molecule (tropo-collagen) is a product of the
fibroblast.
collagen
is 300 nm in length and consists
of three polypeptide amino acid chains.
collagen molecule
have a very resilient nature (stretch and
recoil), which is important in areas like the lungs, aorta,
and skin.
Elastic fibers
They are composed of two proteins, elastin and fibrillin,
and do not have a banding pattern.
Elastic fibers
two proteins in elastic fibers
elastin and fibrillin
these proteins do not have a banding pattern.
elastin and fibrillin
are small-diameter fibers.
RETICULAR FIBERS
are Supporting mesh in soft tissues(liver,bone marrow and
lymphatic system)
RETICULAR FIBERS
4 types of connective tissue
- Connective Tissue Proper
- Specialized Connective Tissues
- Supportive connective Tissues
- Fluid connective tissue
3 connective tissues proper
Dense irregular CT
Loose CT
Dense regular CT
refers to the high abundance of collagen
fibers (but fewer cells) compared to loose connective
tissue.
“Dense”
indicates that the orientation of the fiber
bundles is in many different directions (or randomly
oriented bundles).
“Irregular”
Contains mostly collagen fibers with a lesser
number of other fibers such as elastic fibers.
DENSE IRREGULAR CT
this connective tissue provide strength.
dense irregular ct
This type of tissue is composed of coarse collagen
bundles that is densely packed and oriented into
parallel cylinders.
dense regular ct
are Long, thin fibroblasts are found among the fiber
bundles and are oriented in the same direction as the
fibers.
DENSE REGULAR CT
Long, thin fibroblasts are found among the fiber
bundles and are oriented in the same direction as the
fibers.
DENSE REGULAR CT
The thick bundles of collagen fibers fill the intercellular spaces.
DENSE REGULAR CT
it provide strong attachment between various structures
DENSE REGULAR CT
is also called areolar
connective tissue.
Loose connective tissue
Loose connective tissue is also called
areolar
connective tissue.
This type of connective tissue has abundant ground
substance, with many connective tissue cells and
relatively few fibers.
Loose connective tissue
It is richly vascularized, flexible, and not highly
resistant to stress.
Loose connective tissue
This tissue lies immediately beneath the thin
epithelium of the gut, which is one place where the
body’s defense mechanisms initially attack bacteria
and pathogens.
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
in the loose connective tissue these cells are common in this area.
plasma cells, mast cells, leukocytes, and
fibroblasts
is characterized by loosely
arranged, woven connective fibers, abundant ground
substance, and tissue fluid, which contains the rich
array of connective tissue cells.
Loose connective tissue
3 specialized connective tissues
- Adipose connective tissue
- Reticular connective tissue
- Elastic connective tissue
is a special form of connective tissue
and has a rich neurovascular supply.
Adipose tissue
adipose tissue has a rish supply of what?
neurovascular supply.
are scattered within a loose
collagenous supporting tissue in this unilocular
adipose tissue.
Adipocytes (fat cells)
each of this cell contains a single large drop of
lipid; it has a thin rim of cytoplasm around the lipid,
and its flattened nucleus is located in the periphery of
the cell.
adipose cell
Each adipose cell contains a single large drop of
lipid
are the primary site for storage of energy,
and lipid deposition and mobilization are regulated
by hormonal factors
Adipocytes
Adipocytes are regulated
by
hormonal factors
examples of hormonal factors
(steroids, insulin, thyroid hormone, etc.).
also play a role in the synthesis of some
hormones such as leptin.
Adipocytes
Adipocytes also play a role in the synthesis of some hormones such as
leptin
is a specialized loose
connective tissue that provides a delicate
supporting framework for many highly cellular
organs, such as endocrine glands, lymphoid
organs, the spleen, and the liver.
Reticular tissue
They are arranged in a net like framework to
support parenchymal cells, in this example,
pancreatic cells.
Reticular tissue
They are arranged in a net like framework to
support —– cells, example is pancreatic cells
parenchymal cells
These fibers consist of collagen type III,
reticular connective tissue
it forms a mesh like network that supports the
liver cells and holds these cells together
reticular connective tissue
There is a —— running between the
reticular fibers, which appears as empty
space here.
sinusoid
consists predominately of
elastic material, and this allows distension and recoil of
the structure.
Elastic connective tissue
This tissue can be found in some vertebral ligaments,
arterial walls, and in the bronchial tree.
Elastic connective tissue
these are thick bundles of elastic lamellae are arranged in
parallel wavy sheets, with the smooth muscle cells and
collagen fibers insinuated between alternating lamellae.
Elastic connective tissue
The elastic fibers are formed by
elastin and fibrillin microfibrils.
are able to recoil after stretching.
Elastic connective tissues
This property in large arteries helps to moderate the
extremes of pressure associated with the cardiac cycle.
Elastic connective tissue
Elastic connective tissue helps to moderate the
extremes of pressure associated with the
cardiac cycle
it is associated with the Abnormal expression of the fibrillin (FBN1) gene is associated with abnormal elastic tissue disease.
Elastic connective tissue
gene is
associated with abnormal elastic tissue disease.
fibrillin (FBN1)
2 types of supportive connective tissue
BONE
CARTILAGE
are surrounded by a matrix of
collagen fibres strengthened by inorganic salts,
especially calcium and phosphate.
Bone cells
also known as (osteocytes)
Bone cells
Bone cells (osteocytes) are surrounded by a matrix of
collagen fibres strengthened by
inorganic salts, calcium and phosphate.
2 types of bone
compact bone
spongy or cancellous bone
has solid
or dense appearance
Compact bone
a bone that has ‘spongy’ or fine honeycomb appearance.
Spongy or cancellous
bone
are found on ends of long bone
spongy bone
it contains bony bars and plates called trabeculae separated by irregular spaces
spongy bone
are bony bars and plates that are separated by irregular spaces
trabeculae
bloody cells are made within the red marrow found in the —-
spongy bone
Found in the outer
portion of long bones
compact bone
it consists of many cylindrical-shaped
units called osteon
compact bone
cylindrical-shaped
units in a bone
osteon
concentric layers or rings along the calcified matrix
lamella
tiny cavities inside the lamellae
lacuna
this is the space where the osteocyte are found
lacuna
it is teh central canal that os surrounded by concentric lamellae
central (haversian) canal
tiny hair-like channels that are branching
canaliculi
it has a flexible rubbery matrix
Cartilage
It is found in organs like,
External ear
Tip of the nose or
The “Adam’s apple” (thyroid cartilage of the larynx).
Cartilage
Cartilage is found in organs like
External ear
Tip of the nose or
The “Adam’s apple” (thyroid cartilage of the larynx).
this cartilage is
named for its clear,
glassy microscopic
appearance.
Hyaline cartilage
its location is end of a rib to
the breastbone, around the
larynx,
Hyaline Cartilage
it eases joint movements; holds airway open during respiration; moves vocal cords during speech , growth zones of long bones of children.
Hyaline Cartilage
is
named for its
conspicuous elastic
fibers.
Elastic Cartilage
locations: External ear;
epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
it provides flexible, elastic support.
Elastic Cartilage
for its
coarse, readily
visible bundles of
collagen.
Fibrocartilage
locations: Pubic-symphysis, spinal column; menisci, or pads of shock-absorbing cartilage, knee joint.
Fibrocartilage
it resists
compression and absorbs shock in some joints.
Fibrocartilage
composed
of cells suspended in liquid
matrix called plasma
Connective tissue
what blood cells carries
oxygen
Red blood cells
other word for Red blood cells
(erythrocytes)
what blood cells fights
infection
White blood cells
other word for White blood cells
(leukocytes)
are fragment of giant
cells found in bone marrow
Platelets
cells are derived from B lymphocytes and are
responsible for the production of antibodies in the
immune response.
Plasma
participate in the immune response and
protect against foreign invasion.
Lymphocytes
are the first line of defense against
bacterial invasion
Neutrophils
have anti-parasitic activity and moderate
allergic reactions
Eosinophils
have a (primary) function similar to mast
cells; they mediate hypersensitivity reactions
Basophils
