Connective Tissue Proper

Question 1

Adipocytes

a) the nucleus is usually in the middle of the cell
b) most of the cells are occupied by a vacuole filled with polysaccharides
c) they store and release triglycerides
d) they can be either unillocular or multilocular

Answer 1

C,d

Question 2

Collagen

a) there is no hydroxylation of aminoacids during the synthesis of collagen

b) contains repeating sequences of amino acids with a high frequency of glycine
and proline

c) tropocollagen occurs in a form of a double helix of peptides and oligosaccharides
bound together

d) there is type II collagen in hyaline and elastic cartilage

Answer 2

B,d

Question 3

Collagen

a) in type I collagen, the tropocolllagen molecules assemble into collagen fibrils
that aggregate to form fibres

b) it can be produced e.g. by fibroblasts

c) the procollagen precipitates into tropocollagen in the cytoplasm of the producing
cells

d) the collagen fibres are basophilic

Answer 3

A,b

Question 4

Connective tissue

a) are of mesenchymal origin

b) contains only fibres of the extracellular matrix, but no intercellular ground sub-
stance

c) can be further classified into four categories: connective tissue proper, cartilage,
muscle, and bone

d) loose (areolar) collagenous connective tissue proper makes e.g. the lamina pro-
pria of the intestinal mucosa

Answer 4

A,d

Question 5

Connective tissue cells

a) plasma cells have basophilic cytoplasm, because they are specialized for phago-
cytosis

b) dead neutrophils form pus

c) releasing the granules of mast cells may be linked with allergy and hypersensi-
tivity

d) several macrophages may fuse to form giant multinuclear cells

Answer 5

B,c,d

Question 6

Connective tissue cells

a) myofibroblasts have contractile filaments and they contribute to wound closure
and tissue healing

b) the plasma cells have basophilic cytoplasm due to the rich granular endoplasmic
reticulum

c) granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes may migrate into the connective tis-
sue by diapedesis

d) macrophages produce the immunoglobulins which help to neutralize the IgE

Answer 6

A,b,c

Question 7

Connective tissue cells

a) when describing varous cell types, the suffix “-blast” is used for embryonic or
immature cels

b) most of them are of mesenchymal origin

c) the following cells are macrophages: the Kupffer cells, the microglia, osteoclasts,
Langerhans cells

d) degranulation of mast cells may increase the local permeability of blood vessels

Answer 7

A,b,c,d

Question 8

Dense collagneous connective tissue

a) can be further classified into two types known as dense regular and dense irre-
gular

b) the collagen fibres prevail and there are fewer cells when compared with the
loose connective tissue

c) it makes e.g. the sclera
d) it makes e.g. the papilary layer of the dermis

Answer 8

A,b,c

Question 9

Extracellular matrix of connective tissue

a) proteoglycans are usually hydrophilic
b) in tissues, there is a continuous synthesis and degradation of glycosaminoglycans

c) proteoglycans have a higher polysaccharides-to-proteins ratio when compared
with glycoproteins

d) type III collagen makes thick bundles of collagen fibres (e.g., in the reticular
layer of the dermis)

Answer 9

A,b,c

Question 10

Fibroblasts

a) they can differentiate into fibrocytes

b) have usually a well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi
complex

c) are very frequent cells of the connective tissue, especially in undifferentiated
types of tissue

d) do not produce the intercellular matrix anymore

Answer 10

A,b,c

Question 11

Glycosaminoglycans

a) have usually long polysaccharide chains
b) do not occur in the extracellular matrix of loose collagenous connective tissue
c) are usually hydrophilic
d) do not occur in the mucous connective tissue or in the umbilical Wharton’s jelly

Answer 11

A,c

Question 12

Ground intercellular substance

a) fibronectin and laminin are NOT structural adhesive glycoproteins
b) is composed mainly of glycosaminoglycans and structural glycoproteins
c) due to its hydrophobic properties it contains only a minimum amount of water
d) hyaluronic acid is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan

Answer 12

B,d

Question 13

Hyaluronic acid

a) bacteria that produce hyaluronidase may have a great invasive power due to
reducing the viscosity of the ground substance

b) is a highly hydrophobic (i.e., non-polar, water repelling) substance
c) is one of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans of the amorphous extracellular matrix
d) can be found e.g. within the vitreous humor, umbilical cord, synovial fluid

Answer 13

A,d

Question 14

Macrophages

a) have no lysosomes

b) constitute the mononuclear-phagocyte system comprising e.g. Kupffer cells in
the liver and microglia in the nervous system

c) are importand for cell-mediated (cellular) immunity
d) are derived from monocytes

Answer 14

B,c,d

Question 15

Macrophages

a) can be activated by various stimuli
b) can be atracted by chemotactic moleculles
c) have no lysosomes
d) contribute to the presentation of antigens to other immune cells

Answer 15

A,b,d

Question 16

Mast cells

a) occur e.g. in the dermis or in the lamina propria of the mucosa of the digestive
and respiratory system

b) are epithelial cells lining the interlobular hepatic bile canaliculi
c) have membrane receptors for IgE
d) their granules contain heparin and histamine

Answer 16

A,c,d

Question 17

Melanocytes

a) have long extensions (processes)
b) contain melanosomes
c) in the epidermis, they release the melain granules to the adjacent keratinocytes
d) do not originate from the neural crest

Answer 17

A,b,c

Question 18

Plasma cells

a) are derived from T-helper lymphocytes
b) produce immunogobulins
c) have both heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nucleus
d) are effector cells of the specific humoral immunity

Answer 18

B,c,d

Question 19

Reticular connective tissue

a) the reticular cells produce reticular fibres and partially also cover these fibres
with their processes

b) makes the stroma of the hematopoietic red bone marrow

c) makes e.g. the connective tissue capsule (fibrous capsule) of spleen, kidney, and
liver

d) usually it contains no phagocytic cells

Answer 19

A,b

Question 20

Reticular fibres

a) are basophilic in routine hematoxylin-eosin preparations
b) are PAS (periodic acid-Schiff reaction) negative
c) can be found in the interstitial connective tissue of the kidney cortex
d) occur e.g. in the endoneurium

Answer 20

C,d

Question 21

Staining the connective tissue

a) the elastin is stained brown with orcein

b) the PAS (periodic acid Schiff) method stains polysaccharides and glycosamino-
glycans

c) collagen appears green when using the green trichrome method
d) collagen is basophilic when using the routine hematoxylin-eosin stain

Answer 21

A,b,c

Question 22

Structural glycoproteins

a) chondronectin supports the adhesion between chondrocytes and type II collagen

b) fibronectin helps to mediate the adhesion between cells, collagen, and glycosa-
minoglycans

c) one of the adhesive glycoproteins of the cartilage is the chondroitin sulfate
d) laminin mediates the adhesion of epithelia to their basal laminae

Answer 22

A,b,d

Question 23

The brown adipose tissue

a) receives postganglionic sympathetic nerves
b) is also known as unilocular adipose tissue

c) in a human newborn it appears e.g. in the cervical and interscapular region and
close to the kindeys

d) is involved in thermogenesis (heat production)

Answer 23

A,c,d

Question 24

The connective tissue proper

a) originates from the mesenchyme
b) is made of cells only, because it contains no extracellular matrix
c) can be further classified as loose (areolar) and dense connective tissue
d) unlike the epithelial tissue, it contains no blood vessels (it is avascular)

Answer 24

A,c

Question 25

The elastic fibre system

a) the amorphous elastin is surrounded by microfibrils
b) is produced e.g. by fibroblasts

c) is made of linear molecules without cross-linking bonds, therefore the elastin
fibres do not branch

d) is resistaint to digestion by pancreatic elastase

Answer 25

A,b

Question 26

The mesenchyme

a) has no intercellular matrix yet
b) is an embryonic tissue which is able of further differentiation
c) during embryonic development, it differentiates into various types of epithelia
d) is avascular (e.g. it is lacking blood vessels)

Answer 26

B

Question 27

The reticular fibres

a) can be found in the bone marrow
b) consist mainly of the type IV collagen
c) can not be stained with silver impregnation
d) can be produced by fibroblasts or by smooth muscle cells

Answer 27

A,d

Question 28

The yelllow adipose tissue

a) is subdivided by strips of connective tissue into incomplete lobules

b) has usualy a well developed vascular bed which makes storage and mobilization
of lipids easier

c) adipocytes are surrounded by reticular fibres
d) lipid droplets can be broken down by the hormone-sensitive lipase

Answer 28

A,b,c,d

Question 29

Types of collagen

a) type III are the argyrophilic fibres
b) type I occurs in the dermis, in tendons, in dentin, in bone
c) type II occurs in epithelial and endothelial basal laminae
d) type IV is important for glomerular filtration

Answer 29

A,b,d

Question 30

Types of connective tissue proper

a) elastic connective tissue is yellowish due to the high content of elastin
b) dense regular connnective tissue makes the reticular layer of the dermis
c) dense connective tissue has more fibres and less cells than loose connective tissue

d) the dense irregular collagenous connnective tissue occurs e.g. in tendons and
ligaments

Answer 30

A,c