Bone

Question 1

Compact bone:

a) forms dense bony tissue with lacunes and narrow canaliculi
b) contains osteocytes with processes
c) is lined by periosteum
d) consists of bony trabeculae – spicules

Answer 1

A,b,c

Question 2

The cells found in bone are:

a) fibroblasts
b) reticular cells
c) osteoblasts
d) osteoclasts

Answer 2

C,d

Question 3

Woven bone:

a) is described as compact bone
b) is an immature form of bone
c) is the first form of bone to be produced
d) the lamellae are concentrically arranged

Answer 3

B,c

Question 4

Haversian systems are formed:

a) by 4–20 concentric lamellae
b) contain the osteocytes
c) contain the odontoblasts
d) in the centre of each system a Haversian canal contains blood vessels and nerves

Answer 4

A,b,d

Question 5

What type of cells are involved in bone resorption:

a) osteocytes
b) osteoclasts
c) osteons
d) osteoblasts

Answer 5

B

Question 6

What are the spicules on spongy bone called:

a) trabeculae
b) spicule of woven bone
c) Sharpey’s fibers
d) Tomes’ process

Answer 6

A,b

Question 7

What are the mineral crystals in bone called:

a) glycosaminoglycan
b) osteoid collagen
c) calcium hydroxyapatite
d) alkaline phosphatase

Answer 7

C

Question 8

What is the primary component of red bone marrow:

a) fat
b) hematopoietic tissue
c) reticular fibres
d) cartilage

Answer 8

B,c

Question 9

What is in the bone matrix:

a) hydroxyapatite
b) reticular fibers
c) collagen fibers
d) dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 9

A,c

Question 10

What is the covering of a bone:

a) periostem
b) perichondrium
c) perimysium
d) endosteum

Answer 10

A,d

Question 11

Bone lamellae in compact bone are arranged in:

a) Haversian systems (osteons)
b) interstitial systems (lamellae)
c) circumferential lamellae
d) form isogenous groups

Answer 11

A,b,c

Question 12

Spongy (cancellous) bone is composed of:

a) lamellae which are arranged into Haversian systems
b) small quantities of lamellae
c) osteocytes
d) bone marrow

Answer 12

B,c,d

Question 13

The endosteum is a layer of:

a) osteoblasts that covers bony surfaces in side the bone
b) chondrocytes that contain a large nucleus
c) elastic fibers
d) endosteal osteoblasts that can secrete osteoid tissue

Answer 13

A,d

Question 14

Intercellular substance of bone is:

a) hydroxyapatite crystals
b) glycosaminoglycans
c) fibronectin
d) organic matter contains collagen (type I.)

Answer 14

A,b,d

Question 15

Growing bones contain kinds of cells:

a) histiocytes
b) osteoprogenitor cells
c) osteoblasts
d) osteocytes

Answer 15

B,c,d

Question 16

Osteoprogenitor cells:

a) exist near all free surfaces of bone
b) are the lining of Haversian canals
c) synthesize collagen
d) are undifferentiated cells

Answer 16

A,b,d

Question 17

Osteoblasts:

a) are derived from monocytes
b) secrete bone extracellular matrix
c) are syncytial cells
d) the cytoplasm of osteoblasts is basophilic

Answer 17

B,d

Question 18

Osteocytes:

a) are near to bone periostem
b) are near to bone endosteum
c) occupy lacunae in the solid matrix
d) osteocyte processes are joined by gap junction

Answer 18

C,d

Question 19

Osteoclasts:

a) are derived from monocytes
b) are syncytial cells
c) are multinucleated cells
d) result in a resorbed cavity which is called Howship’s lacune

Answer 19

A,b,c,d

Question 20

Osteoblasts:

a) are found in Howship´s lacunae
b) line all trabeculae and spicules
c) are large multinuclear cells
d) are perichondral cells

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Osteoclasts:

a) are found in Howship´s lacunae
b) are perichondral cells
c) are large multinuclear cells
d) are similar to fibroblasts

Answer 21

A,c

Question 22

Bone development is controlled by:

a) thyroid hormone
b) aldosterone hormone
c) sex hormone
d) growth hormone

Answer 22

A,c,d

Question 23

Intramembranous (desmogenous) ossification:

a) developed from epiphyseal plate
b) developed from the resting cartilage
c) developed from condensed primitive mesenchymal tissue
d) mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts

Answer 23

C,d

Question 24

The epiphysial growth plate have stages:

a) zone of proliferation
b) zone of hypertrophy and calcificatin
c) zone of fasciculata
d) osteogenic zone

Answer 24

A,b,d

Question 25

Changes during the endochondral ossification can be:

a) the lamellae are concentrically arranged
b) calcification of the cartilage matrix
c) development of the collar bone around diaphysis
d) formation of the primary ossification center

Answer 25

B,c,d

Question 26

What are the collagen fibers that extend into bone:

a) Tomes’ process
b) canaliculi
c) Sharpey´s fibre
d) Volkmann canal

Answer 26

C

Question 27

What forms the skeleton of the fetus:

a) elastic cartilage
b) hyaline cartilage
c) fibrocartilage
d) primary bone (woven, non-Haversian bone) only

Answer 27

B

Question 28

Active bone marrow consists of:

a) hyalinne cartilage
b) hematopoietic tissue
c) a framework of reticulin
d) blood sinusoids

Answer 28

B,c,d

Question 29

What is woven bone:

a) cancellous bone
b) immature bone
c) it is nonlamellar bone
d) spongy bone

Answer 29

B,c

Question 30

Epiphysial growth plate:

a) shows changes between the epiphysial cartilage and the newly forming bone of
the diaphysis

b) shows desmogenous ossification
c) shows the cells responsible for dentine formation
d) develop from the resting cartilage in the epiphyseal plate

Answer 30

A,d