Connective Tissue & Epithelium Flashcards
What are reticular fibers formed by?
Type III collagen
What fibers are very thin and are argyrophilic (silver-liking)?
Reticular fibers
What color are reticular fibers shown as in tissue (exp. in lymph node)?
Black
These fibers form the framework of lymph nodes and the spleen?
Reticular fibers
Reticular fibers compose the _____________, which underlies the basal lamina of the epithelium
Reticular lamina
What are the 2 types of connective tissue cells?
Resident & Permanent
Which cells are resident cells?
Fibroblasts, adipose, mast cells, macrophages, & other cells (exp. osteoblasts)
Which cells are permanent cells?
Plasma cells & leukocytes
Which cells are born in the bone marrow and migrate to connective tissue? (They are considered resident cells)
Mast cells & macrophages
What is the most abundant cell types in connective tissue?
Fibroblasts
What cells make the ECM (ground substance & fibers)/
Fibroblasts
Contractile cells that contain bundles of actin microfilaments and dense bodies similar to those of smooth muscle cells
Myofibroblasts
Type of cells found around the kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, neck and mediastinum
Brown fat
What are adipose cells derived from?
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
What type of cells have sympathetic nerve terminals?
Brown fat
Mesenchymal cells can become what types of cells?
Lipoblast or Fibroblast
What transports triglycerides in the blood from liver and intestine?
Lipoproteins (chylomicrons & VLDLs)
What are lipoproteins broken down into & by what enzyme?
LPL, into free FA’s & glycerol
What are tissue macrophages derived from?
Blood-borne monocytes
What occurs in response to foreign things or in some pathological conditions (tuberculosis, granulomas)?
Macrophages fuse to form large multinucleated cells
Large, ovoid cells with numerous cytoplasmic granules
Mast cells
What do mast cells release?
Granules containing: Histamine & slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, Eosinophil & Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors, Heparin (anticoagulant)
Where are mast cells typically found?
Along blood vessels
Antibody producing cells derived from B-lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Cells common in loose connective tissue of the gut and glands
Plasma cells
What cells have an eccentric nucleus with “clockface” chromatin?
Plasma cells
What contains desmosine & isodesmosine?
Elastic fibers
What is the function of desmosine?
Allows stretching
Mast cells have receptors for what?
IgE
What is IgE produced by and what is it made in response to?
Plasma cells, made in response to an antigen (exp. been venom)
What occurs during second exposure to an antigen?
Antigen binds to IgE receptors on the mast cell, triggering mast cell degranulation
Where are plasma cells commonly found?
Gut loose connective tissue
What cells are wandering cells of connective tissue?
Lymphocytes & Granulocytes (neutrophils & eosinophils)
What is another name for neutrophils?
Polymorphonuclear cells
Presence of this cell is part of immune surveillance system
Lymphocytes
What is the function of B & T lymphocytes?
B - gives rise to plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulin
T - involved in cell-mediated immunity
What is the function of NK cells?
Destroy virus infected cells and some tumor cells
Granulocytes with segmented nuclei
Neutrophils
What are the first cells to arrive at a site of acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
What cells leave circulation by a process called diapedesis (leaves endothelium and enters blood vessels)?
Neutrophils
What is pus?
An accumulation of dead neutrophils
What cells are active phagocytes that are sometimes called microphages? They can phagocytose some bacteria
Neutrophils
Cell that have a bilobed nucleus and are named because of their large red granules
Eosinophils
These cells are associated with:
Allergic reactions
Parasitic infections
Chronic inflammatory processes
Eosinophils
These cells are often found in the lamina propria of the gut and increase with chronic inflammation
Eosinophils
These cells are drawn in in by mast cells
Eosinophils
What underlies most epithelia and is found around glands?
Loose connective tissue
What cells are found in loose connective tissue?
Mast cells Plasma cells Macrophages Lymphocytes Fibroblasts
What cells are found in dense irregular CT?
Mostly fibroblasts
What tissue has fiber bundles organized in many directions to resist stresses in many directions?
Dense irregular CT
What cells are found in dense regular CT?
Predominantly fibroblasts
What tissue has organized bundles of collagen fibers (bundles organized in direction of stress)?
Dense regular CT
Where is epitendineum found?
At the top of dense regular tissue
