Cartilage, Bone & Muscle

Question 1

Avascular tissue consisting of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

Tissue that is solid yet pliable due to high glycosaminoglycan (GAG) to type II collagen in ECM

Answer 2

Cartilage

Question 3

Layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

Answer 3

Perichondrium

Question 4

What are the two layers of the perichondrium?

Answer 4

Outer fibrous & Inner chondrogenic layers

Question 5

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 5

Airway of trachea, ends of bones at synovial joints, growth/epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Cells within lacunae inside the cartilage that occur singularly or in clusters called isogenous groups

Answer 6

Chondrocytes

Question 7

Composed mostly of type II collagen and a ground substance of proteoglycans

Answer 7

Matrix

Question 8

Basophilic area immediately around chondrocytes

Answer 8

Territorial matrix

Question 9

Less intensly stained area between isogenous groups of chondrocytes

Answer 9

Interterritorial matrix

Question 10

What makes up the predominate component of the fibrils of Hyaline cartilage ECM?

Answer 10

Type II collagen

Question 11

Ground substance in Hyaline cartilage ECM has these 3 types of GAGs?

Answer 11

Chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, hyaluronan

Question 12

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 12

External ear (auricle and external auditory meatus), auditory (eustacian) tube, epiglottis, and cartilage of the larynx

Question 13

Which types of cartilage contain a periochondrial layer and which do not?

Answer 13

Hyaline & Elastic do

Fibrocartilage DOES NOT

Question 14

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 14

Intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosus), pubic symphysis, meniscus of the knee, and may be found at the insertions of tendons and ligaments

Question 15

What is a hybrid between dense connective tissue and cartilage?

Answer 15

Fibrocartilage

Question 16

Contains chondrocytes in lacunae, often arranged in long rows between the collagen bundles

Answer 16

Fibrocartilage

Question 17

Contains numerous collagen type I fibers in addition to type II

Answer 17

Fibrocartilage

Question 18

A specialized connective tissue characterized by a mineralized extracellular matrix

Answer 18

Bone

Question 19

What is the predominant structural protein of bone?

Answer 19

Type I collagen

Question 20

What are both collagen and the ground substance in bone referred to as before mineralization?

Answer 20

Osteoid

Question 21

Is cartilage or bone well-vascularized?

Answer 21

Bone

Question 22

True or False: Bone is composed of both cells and matrix

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Cells that are cuboidal to columnar bone building cells

Answer 23

Osteoblasts

Question 24

These cells deposit osteoid (uncalcified matrix that is the clear region between cells and bone spicule); they are located at bone surfaces; they are cuboidal or columnar shaped cells

Answer 24

Osteoblasts

Question 25

Mature bone maintaining cells trapped in lacunae

Answer 25

Osteocytes

Question 26

Large multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption

Answer 26

Osteoclasts

Question 27

Cells that have a basophilic cytoplasm, have a fibroblast-like appearance and give rise to osteoblasts

Answer 27

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 28

These are mature bone cells that maintain the organic matrix; they are located in lacunae and have cytoplasmic processes in canaliculi. The processes are connected by gap junctions

Answer 28

Osteocytes

Question 29

They create depressions in the bone surface termed resorption bays (Howship’s lacunae). They are characterized by a ruffled border at the bone resorbing end of the cell

Answer 29

Osteoclasts

Question 30

In a typical long bone, it is between the metaphysis and the epiphysis

Answer 30

Epiphyseal line