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ABS - Histology > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Four types of Connective Tissue proper

A
  1. loose (lamina propria)
  2. dense
  3. elastic regular (ligaments, tendons)
  4. irregular (dermis)
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2
Q

Four types of Connective Tissue with special properties

A
  1. Adipose Tissue
  2. Elastic Tissue
  3. Hematopoietic (lymphatic and myeloid)
  4. Mucous Tissue
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3
Q

Two types of supporting connective tissue

A
  1. cartilage

2. bone

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4
Q

Cell type: Fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast

A

Production of fibers and ground substance; structural function

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5
Q

Cell Type: Plasma cell

A

production of antibodies; immunologic (defense) function

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6
Q

Cell type: Lymphocyte

A

Production of immunocompetent cells; immunologic (defense) function

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7
Q

Cell Type: Eosinophilic leukocyte

A

Participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions, modulation of mast cell activites and the inflammatory proces; immunologic (defense) function

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8
Q

Cell Type: Neutrophilic leukocyte

A

Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria; defense function

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9
Q

Cell Type: Macrophage

A

Secretion of cytokines and other molecules, phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria, antigen processing and presentation to other cells; defense function

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10
Q

Cell Type: Mast Cell and basophilic leukocyte

A

liberation of pharmacologically active molecules (e.g. histamine) (Inflammatory Response); Defense (participated in allergic reactions) function

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11
Q

Cell Type: Adipose (fat) cell

A

Storage of neutral fats; energy reservoir and heat production function

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12
Q

Components of Connective Tissue

A

a) cellular
b) Extracellular Matrix
i. amorphous (ground substance)
ii. fibrous

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13
Q

Cellular component:

A

i. fibroblasts
ii. adipose cells
iii. macrophages
iv. mast cells
v. leukocytes
vi. plasma cells

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14
Q

Multilocular Adipocyte: Brown Fat

A
  1. Multiple lipid droplets
  2. Abundant mitochondria
  3. More readily able to generate heat in neonates
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15
Q

Plasma cells are characterized by:

A
  1. eccentric nucleus
  2. cartwheel arrangement of heterochromatin
  3. abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum to make immunoglobulins
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16
Q

Mast Cell secretion:

A
  1. IgE molecules are bound to the surface receptors
  2. After a second exposure to the antigen, IgE molecules bound to surface receptors are cross linked by the antigen. This activates adenylate cyclase and results in the phosphorylation of certain proteins.
  3. At the same time, Ca2+ enters the cell
  4. These events lead to intracellular fusion of specific granules and exocytosis of their contents
  5. In addition, phospholipases act on membrane phospholipids to produce leukotrienes. The process of extrusion does not damage the cell, which remains viable and synthesizes new granules.
17
Q

Extracellular Matrix: amorphous

A
  1. glycosaminoglycans (sugars)
  2. proteoglycans (combination of proteins)(unbranched)
  3. glycoproteins (branched)
18
Q

Hyaluronic Acid: GAGs

A

unbranced polymeric disaccharide containing amino sugars

19
Q

Proteoglycans are extracellular protein complexes of?

A

glycosaminoglycans

20
Q

Proteoglycans aggegates are formed by:

A
  1. An axial hyaluronan molecule
  2. Core proteins attached to the hyaluronan molecule by a linker protein
  3. Glycosaminoglycans
21
Q

Several chains of glycosaminoglycans bound to the core protein form a ?

A

proteoglycan

22
Q

The molecular mass of proteoglycan is about

A

10^8 Da

23
Q

____ replace cadherins in hemidesmosomes

A

integrins

24
Q

Extracellular Matrix: fibrous

A

a. collagen fibers
b. reticular fibers (type III collagen)
c. elastic fibers (fibrillin, elastin)

25
Q

Functions of collagens (4)

A
  1. Adhesion - discrete and restricted to cells and tissues
  2. Skeletal - established in vertebrates
  3. Protective - dermis (leather)
  4. Messenger - acts on cell behavior
26
Q

Which stain is the most common to visualize elastic fibers in tissue sections?

A

Orcein (brownish-red)

27
Q

Characteristic of reticular fibers (3)

A
  1. type III collagen
  2. enriched in lymphoid organs and tissues
  3. stain black with silver based stains (argenophylic)

ABS - Histology (9 decks)

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