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Term I: Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of connective tissue?

A

-Mesenchymal Derived cells -Immune cells -ECM =Fibers =Ground substance

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2
Q

What is skin connective tissue derived from?

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

A lubricant that helps glue cells to fibers, and fibers to fibers

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4
Q

What is boneconnective tissue derived from?

A

osteocytes

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5
Q

What is cartilage connective tissue derived from?

A

Chondrocytes

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6
Q

What type of tissue do cells producing ECM differentiate from?

A

Mesencyme

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7
Q

What type of intermediate fiber is expressed in mesenchymal cells?

A

Vimentin

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8
Q

What do cells that are derived from hematopoietic stem cells do?

A

-Antigen presentation -Immune system

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9
Q

What makes up the ECM?

A

-Fibers -Ground substance

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10
Q

What are the three types of fibers?

A

-Collagen -Reticular -Elastic

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11
Q

What are reticular fibers basically made of?

A

Collagen

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12
Q

What is the main strength and structural component of the ECM?

A

Collagen protein

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13
Q

What type of collagen is found in skin, bone, and tendon?

A

Type I

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14
Q

What type of collagen is found in Cartilage and vitreous in the eye?

A

Type II

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15
Q

What type of collagen is found in skin, muscle, and bone?

A

Type III

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16
Q

What type of collagen forms the basement membrane?

A

Type IV

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17
Q

What type of collagen anchors the basement membrane to underlying stroma?

A

Type VII

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18
Q

What protein has a repetetive G-Pro-Lyse sequence?

A

Collagen

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19
Q

Why are the residues of collagen hydroxylated during synthesis?

A

Allows formation of the triple helix

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20
Q

What prevents the full intracellular assembly of collagen fibrils?

A

Non-helical terminal peptides

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21
Q

What enzyme catalyzes hydroxylation of specific prolyl and lysyl residues of preprocollagen?

A

Prolyl/Lysyl Hydroxylase

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22
Q

What cofactor is Prolyl/lysyl Hydroxylase dependent on?

A

Vitamin C

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23
Q

What happens when you don’t get enough vitamin C

A

-Collagen fibers break down -Scurvy

24
Q

What disease results from the mutation of the glycine in collagen?

A

Osteogensis Imperfecta

25
Is procollagen soluble inside the cell?
Yes
26
Is collagen soluble outside of the cell?
No
27
What enzyme cleaves the nonhelical terminal peptides, thus allowing collagen to aggregate into collagen fibrils?
Procollagen Peptidase
28
What reaction reinforces the fibrillar collagen structure? What enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
covalent cross-links between collagen molecules, catalyzed by the enzyme lysyl oxidase
29
What makes reticular fibers different from collagen fibers?
-They are highly glycosylated (Collagen III) -They cover organs, Bone marrow, and muscle matrix
30
What are elastic fibers made of?
-Elasitn deposited on to fibrillin scaffold
31
What prevents Elastase from breaking down elastic fibers in the lungs?
Alpha 1-antitrypsin
32
What happens if Alpha 1-antitrypsin is unable to inhibit elastase?
Emphysema
33
What are the 3 types of structural/functional macromolecules that make up Ground Substance?
-glycosaminoglycans -Proteoglycans -Multiadhesive Glycoprotiens
34
What are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?
-A type of macromolecule that forms Ground Substance -It is a repeating disaccharide of hexoseamine + uronic
35
What is Hyaluronic acid?
it is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) -It functions as lubrication in the Ground Substance -sequesters water like a sponge
36
What kinds of connective tissue cells originate from mesenchymal cells?
-fibroblasts -adipocytes -chontrocytes -osteoblasts
37
What builds ECM???
Mesenchymal Cells!!
38
What type of collagen is found in cartilage?
Type II collagen
39
Where are reticular fibers found?
-covering organs -Bone Marrow -muscle matrix
40
What proteoglycan presents as a transmembrane protein?
Syndecan
41
What proteoglycan presents as an ECM protein?
Aggrecan
42
What do proteoglycans do?
sequester growth factors in the ECM
43
What are proteyglycans made out of?
proteins + GAG
44
What do multiadhesive glycoproteins do?
adhere cells to the basal lamina
45
What is fibronectin?
-Multiadhesive glycoprotein -binds collagen, GAGs, and integrins on cells
46
What is Laminin?
-a multiadhesive glycoprotein -binds epithelia to collagen IV in Basal Lamina
47
What are the functions of integrin?
-Cell adhesion -Cell Orientation in its environment
48
What are two histological types of adult Connective tissue?
-Loose Areolar -Dense
49
What is contained within Loose areolar connective tissue?
-High amount of cells -Small bundles of non-oriented Type 1 collagen
50
Where is loose areolar connective tissue found?
Papillary dermal layer of skin
51
What are the two subtypes of Dense Adult connective tissue?
Regular and Irregular
52
What is contained within Regular Dense Adult connective tissue?
-Few cells -Large amount of type 1 collagen in parallel array
53
Where is regular dense adult connective tissue found?
-Tendons
54
What is contained within irregular dense adult connective tissue?
-few cells -large amount of random Type 1 collagen
55
Where is irregular dense adult connective tissue found?
-Reticular dermis -periosteum -perichondrium -epineurium --epimysium

Term I: Histology (15 decks)

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