Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What distinguishes a tissue?

A

Few cells dispersed in abundance of extracellular material.

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2
Q

Examples of tissues?

A

-Loose connective tissue attached to epithelial tissue
-Tendons
-Bone
-Blood

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3
Q

Specialised cells in bones?

A

-Osteoblasts
-Osteoclasts
-Osteocytes

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4
Q

What makes bone different to cartilage?

A

Calcium phosphate crystals, making bone harder.

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5
Q

How do bones grow?

A

Osteoblasts deposit new bone on outer and osteoclasts dissolve bony tissue.

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6
Q

Ossification steps?

A

1) Chondrocytes undergo cell division
2) Older chondrocytes grow larger
Epiphyseal plate grows.
3) Matrix calcifies, trapped chondrocytes die
4) Dead cleared by osteoclasts
5) Osteoblasts deposit new bone

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7
Q

Osteoclasts role

A

Trapped osteoblasts = Osteocytes
Involved in regulating exchange of calcium between bone and blood.
Controlled by PTH

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7
Q

What hormone promotes bone growth

A

IGF-1

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8
Q

What do osteoblasts do to fix broken bone?

A

Move into cavity and secrete osteoid to fill the hole.

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9
Q

What can help osteoporosis?

A

Exercise - stimulates bones

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9
Q

Tissues of skin?

A

-Protective epidermis (inner + outer)
-Connective tissue dermis

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10
Q

Epidermis

A

Epithelial cells
Outer cells flattened and dead as nor blood supply.
Cells held by desmosomes and keratin filaments.

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11
Q

Keratinised layer?

A

Provides airtight and water proof layer to skin, thickness varies.

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12
Q

Dermis

A

Tissue layer of elastin and collagen, blood vessels and nerve endings.
Sensory layer.
Controls goosebumps and gland secretion.

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13
Q

Exocrine sweat and sebaceous glands

A

Sweat - release water to regulate body temp
Sebaceous - release oil on hair and keratin layer.

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14
Q

Hypodermis

15
Q

What do melanocytes release?

A

Melanin - skin pigment.

16
Q

What do keratinocytes release?

A

Keratin - Nail and hair and protection

17
Q

What is blood?

A

Transport Medium within which material is moved long distances.

18
Q

Specialised blood cells?

A

Platelets
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Suspended in platelets.

19
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Maintain bp and proteins control pH

20
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Synthesised in liver by lymphocytes.

21
Q

What is erythrocytes

A

red blood cells
biconcave
haemoglobin

22
Q

What are erythropoiesis

A

Detect oxygen levels in blood.

23
Q

Leukocytes?

A

White blood cells
Immune defence

24
Q

Types of leukocytes

A

Neutrophils - phagocytosis specialists
Eosinophils - Allergic reaction
Basophils - Histamine
Monocytes - Phagocytes
Lymphocytes - B (antibodies) T (specific target cells)

25
Q

Platelets?

A

Fragments
Concentration of actin and myosin
Important for homeostasis

26
Q

Homestasis

A

Prevents blood loss
1) vascular spasm
2) platelet plug
3) blood clotting