Connective Tissue

Question 1

• Myofibroblasts derivtative of? Often found where? What type of function?
• Smooth muscle comes from?
• ECM: 2 structural fibers? Composition of ground substance? EC macromolecules? (3)
• Parts of ground substance? (4)
• CT location? Surround what? (2)
• Extracellular fibers:
  1. ) Collagen: Abundancy? Structure? Finrillar collagen form? Increase what strength? Thickness? Fibril associated collagen connects? Network forming collagen found where? Type of fibers? Forms what?
• Intracellular synthesis of collagen? Extra cellular?

Answer 1

• Fibroblasts; wound sites; smooth muscle type
• CT and probably other places as well
• Collagen and elastin; hydrated gelatin; GAG’s, glycoproteins and small organic salts
• Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, irorganic and small organic solutes, water
• Next to basal surface of epithelia, muscle and nerves
• Most abundant, 3 interwined polypeptides; fibrils; tensile; increase thickness; fibrillar collagen to cells; basal lamina; thin; sheets
• Intracellular = Synthesized in ER of CT and post trans mod to 3 helix
• Extra: N/C terminus cleaved to form proteases

Question 2

2. ) Elastic fibers: Contain? (2) Secretd by?
   - Wound response? (3 steps)
   - Function of cartilage? (2) Location? (6)
   - Cartilage replaced by? When is it retained? 2 types of growth and where?
3. ) Hyaline cartilage: Pattern? Rich in? (2) Resists? Initiates?
4. ) Elastic Cartilage: Abundant in? (2) Location? (3) Calcify?
5. ) Fibrocartilage: Regular arrangement of? Continuation of what type of CT? Location? (2) Resists what type of forces?

Answer 2

• Elastin/fibrillin; fibroblasts
• Inflammation and blood clotting; signals from fibroblasts and mast cells to increse perm. and swell; fibroblasts divide and secrete ECM components for blood vessel growth/repair
• resiliant, direct bone formation; fetal skeloton, bones meet tendons, ribs, trachea, nasal passages, external ear
• Bone, when bones come together, appositional at perichondrum and interstitial in middle of bones
• Irregular, GAG’s, hyaluronic acid, compression, bone formation by calcifying
• Fibers and lamellae, external ear, epiglottis, larynx, no
• Collagen, dense regular, intervertebral discs, tendons, compression and sheer

Question 3

• Osteoprogeniators found where? (2)
• Osteoblasts capable of cell division? Connected via?
• Osteocytes capable of division? Engulfed by? Travel via?
• Osteoclasts derived from? Related to?
• Bone ECM calcified and packed with? Unique in that it has?
  Ossification:
  1.) Intramembranous: Makes what type bones? Cartilage? Starts as? Converted to?
  2.) Endochondral: Build on? Some perichondrium converted to? 5 step process?
• Where does resporption of adult bones happen?

Answer 3

• Periosteal and endosteal surfaces
• No; gap junctions
• No; lacuna; canaluculi
• Monocytes; macrophages
• Dense collagen; has hyroxyappetite
• Flat bones; none; trabecular bone to compact bone
• Cartilage; osteoprogeinator
  1. ) Cartilage made with mesenchyme 2.) chondrocytes secrete matrix for hylaine cartilage 3.) Chondrocytes engulfed by lacuna 4.) Osteoblasts lay matrix 5.) Osteoclasts degrade matrix and bring blood vessels
• Endosteal

Question 4

• Appostional growth grows where? Done how?
• Interstitial growth occurs how?
• Short range signals called? Control what? Ex? (3)
• Long range signals and effect? (4)
• Mechanical stress leads to?
• Also plays a role in regulation of bone formation?

Answer 4

• Grow at surface; perichondrium has chondrocytes proliferate
• Growth within chondrocytes; lacuna continue to proliferate
• BMPs (bone morphogenic proteins; bone development; FGF, Wnt, Notch
• PTH = increase blood calcium; Calcitonin = decrease blood calcium; Estrogen increases bone building; Vit D increases ca uptake in intestine
• Bone remodelling
• CNS and PNS via neuronal stimulation