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Anatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What does connective tissue develop from?

A

Mesoderm / mesenchyme

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2
Q

What are fibroblasts responsible for?

A

Production + maintenance of fibers + ground subst

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3
Q

What are fibroblasts @ resting stage known as?

A

Fibrocytes

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4
Q

What is the purpose of adipose cells?

A

Synthesis & storage of fats

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5
Q

What is another word for macrophages & what are the 3 shapes it forms?

A 
Histiocytes
3 shapes :
- fusiform
- Stellate
- spheroidal
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6
Q

What is the nature of macrophages?

A

Phagocytic

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7
Q

What is the key function of plasma cells?

A

Provide resistance to the body against disease

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8
Q

What are plasma cells specialized for?

A

Manufacture of antibodies against antigens

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9
Q

Where are plasma cells found abundant in?

A

Lamina propria of digestive & respiratory tract

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10
Q

What tissue are plasma cells found in?

A

Lymphoid tissue

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11
Q

Where are mast cells widely distributed?

A

Connective tissue,

Along Blood vessel courses

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12
Q

What do mast cells secrete?

A
  • Histamine

- Serotonin

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13
Q

What is the precursor of all cell types called + where is it found?

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

- found: blood vessels

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14
Q

Where are pigment cells found + what is its function?

A

Epidermis of skin

FN: protect skin from sun ray effects

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15
Q

What is another name for pigment cells?

A

Melanocytes

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16
Q

What are 2 types of blood cells?

A
  • lymphocytes

- neutrophils

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres?

A
  • collagen
  • elastic
  • reticular
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18
Q

What is the nature of collagen fibres?

A
  • Inelastic

- great tensile strength

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19
Q

What are collagen fibres synthesized by?

A

Fibroblasts

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20
Q

What are the subunits of collagen fibres called?

A

Tropocollagen

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21
Q

How do fresh collagen fibres appear?

A

Colorless

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22
Q

How does gelatin occur?

A

Fibers treated with dilute acetic acid + swell up = gelatin

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23
Q

How many types of collagen fibres are there?

A

5

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24
Q

What is the nature of type 1 collagen fibers + where is it seen?

A

Thickest fibers

- seen in : bones, tendons, dermis of skin

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25
Q

Where are type 2 collagen fibers seen?

A
  • Cartilages

- vitreous body of eye

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26
Q

Where are type 3 collagen fibers seen?

A
  • Spleen
  • lymph nodes
  • bone marrow = reticular fibers
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27
Q

Where are type 4 collagen fibers seen?

A

Basement membrane

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28
Q

Where are type 5 collagen fibers seen?

A
  • Fetal tissues

- blood vessels

29
Q

Where are elastic fibers found?

A
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • ligamentum flavum
  • walls of large arteries
30
Q

What occurs to the ends of elastic fibers when broken?

A

Retract / recoil

31
Q

What type is reticular fibres ?

A

3

32
Q

Where are reticular fibres found?

A
  • spleen
  • lymph nodes
  • bone marrow
  • thymus
  • liver
  • endocrine gland
33
Q

What are 2 types of connective tissue?

A
  • Loose connective tissue

- Dense connective tissue

34
Q

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

A
  • areolar tissue
  • adipose tissue
  • myxomatous tissue
  • reticular tissue
35
Q

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

A
  • regular or ordinary dense connective tissue

- specialized dense connective tissue

36
Q

What is an example of areolar tissue?

A

Superficial fascia

37
Q

What is an example of adipose tissue?

A

Mesentery

38
Q

What is an example of myxomatous tissue?

A
  • Umbilical cord

- vitreous body of eyeball

39
Q

What is an example of regular dense connective tissue?

A

Tendons of muscles

40
Q

What are 4 functions of connective tissue?

A
  • provide structural support
  • compartmentalization
  • aid in defense + protection of body
  • forms site for storage of fat
41
Q

What does cartilage contain?

A

Cells + extracellular matrix

42
Q

What is the cartilage covering called?

A

Perichondrium

43
Q

What are the 2 layers of the perichondrium?

A

Outer fibrous layers - collagen fibers

Inner cellular / chondrogenic layer - chrondoblast cells

44
Q

Where are the cartilage cells situated?

A

Lacunae

45
Q

What are cartilage cells called?

A

Chrondocytes

46
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
47
Q

What are some examples of hyaline cartilage?

A
  • costal cartilage
  • thyroid cartilage
  • trachea
48
Q

What happens to the matrix of the bone?

A

Calcified by the deposition of calcium phosphate

49
Q

What is the nature of the capacity of the bone?

A

Regenerative

50
Q

What is the center of ossification in the bone?

A

1 / more areas of future long bone models

51
Q

Where does the primary center of ossification appear?

A

Main part of bone called diaphysis; forms SHAFT

52
Q

What is the part of long bone that develops from secondary center of ossification called?

A

Epiphysis

53
Q

What is the bone covered externally by?

A

Periosteum

54
Q

What is the interior cavity of the bone called + what is it filled with?

A

Medullary cavity

Filled with bone marrow

55
Q

What are the interconnecting plates of the inner bone called?

A

Trabeculae

56
Q

What are 6 functions of the bone?

A
  • support and shape to body
  • protects vital organs
  • stores calcium salts
  • transmission of body weight
  • aid w/ attachment of muscles + acts as levers - locomotion
57
Q

What are the 2 positions of bones?

A
  • axial

- appendicular

58
Q

What are the 2 ways bones are developed?

A
  • membranous - mesenchymal tissue

- cartilaginous

59
Q

What are the 2 types of structures of bones?

A
  • compact (lamellar)

- spongy (cancellous)

60
Q

What is the metaphysics of the bone?

A

Part where growth is seen

61
Q

What are the types of ossification + give examples?

A
  • membranous- mandible, clavicle

- cartilaginous - humerus

62
Q

What are the 3 sizes of bones?

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
63
Q

What are the shapes of bones?

A
  • irregular
  • pneumatic (sinuses)
  • sesamoid
64
Q

What are the 2 membrane layers?

A
  • periosteum

- endosteum

65
Q

What are the types of cells in the endosteum?

A
  • flat cells ; osteoprogenitor cells
  • osteoblast
  • osteoclast
66
Q

What is the organic matter of the bone matrix?

A

Collagen fibers - produced from osteoblast cells

67
Q

What is the inorganic matter of the bone matrix?

A

Formed by : crystals of calcium phosphate - hydroxyapatite crystals

68
Q

What are the long thin cytoplasmic processes located in the canals in the bone matrix of the osteocytes?

A

Canaliculi

69
Q

Where is elastic cartilage present?

A
  • auricle of ear

- epiglottis

Anatomy (14 decks)

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