Cell Division Flashcards
1
Q
What is cell division?
A
Process by which parent cell ÷ into 2/ more daughter cells
2
Q
Why is cell division important?
A
- required to replace cell loss
- repair tissue damage
- reproduce the organism
3
Q
What are the 2 types of cell division?
A
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
4
Q
What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
A
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
5
Q
What is INTERPHASE?
A
- gap btwn. the 2 cell divisions
6
Q
How does the cell prepare itself in interphase?
A
- Size growth
- obtaining nutrients
- duplicating cell organelles
- copying DNA
- duplicating centrioles
7
Q
What occurs in prophase?
A
- chromosomes : coil … thick + short
- chromosomes contain 2 chromatids joined @ centromere
- centrioles separate; move to opposite poles in cell
- microtubules formed + extend btwn. 2 centrioles - spindle formation
- Nucleolus DISAPPEARS
- nuclear envelope disappears + chromosomes released to cytoplasm
8
Q
What occurs in metaphase ?
A
- spindles occupy center of cell
- chromosomes move towards equator + arrange in a line
- microtubules attached to centromere of chromo
9
Q
What occurs in anaphase ?
A
- centromeres divide + sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes.
- spindle fibers contract ; chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of cell
- cleavage furrow forms @ equator
10
Q
What occurs in telophase?
A
- chromosomes gather @ opposite ends + nuclear membrane reformed
- spindle disintegrates
- deep cleavage furrow + divides cell into 2
11
Q
Where does meiosis occur?
A
- testes + ovary during production of sperm + ovum
12
Q
What are the 2 steps in meiosis?
A
- meiosis 1 + meiosis 2
13
Q
How many daughter cells are produced @ end of meiosis ?
A
4 daughter cells
14
Q
In prophase 1pf meiosis, what are the 5 sub stages ?
A
- Leptotene
- Zygotene
- Pachytene
- Diplotene
- Diakinesis
15
Q
What occurs in LEPTOTENE?
A
- chromosomes = individual threads;
- attached @ 1 end to nuclear envelope;
- show bead through length
