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Cyber Security > Connect and Protect: Networks and Network Security > Flashcards

Connect and Protect: Networks and Network Security Flashcards

1
Q

Active packet sniffing

A

A type of attack where data packets are manipulated in transit

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2
Q

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A

Used to determine the MAC address of the next router or device to traverse

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3
Q

Bandwidth

A

The maximum data transmission capacity over a network, measured by
bits per second

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4
Q

Baseline configuration

A

A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates

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5
Q

Bluetooth

A

Used for wireless communication with nearby physical devices

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6
Q

Botnet

A

A collection of computers infected by malware that are under the control of a
single threat actor, known as the “bot herder”

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7
Q

Cloud-based firewalls

A

Software firewalls that are hosted by the cloud service provider

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8
Q

Cloud computing

A

The practice of using remote servers, application, and network services that are hosted on the internet instead of on local physical devices

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9
Q

Cloud network

A

A collection of servers or computers that stores resources and data in remote data centers that can be accessed via the internet

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10
Q

Controlled zone

A

A subnet that protects the internal network from the uncontrolled zone

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11
Q

Data packet

A

A basic unit of information that travels from one device to another within a network

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12
Q

Denial of service (DoS) attack

A

An attack that targets a network or server and floods it with network traffic

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13
Q

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack

A

A type of denial of service attack that
uses multiple devices or servers located in different locations to flood the target
network with unwanted traffic

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14
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

A networking protocol that translates internet domain names into IP addresses

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15
Q

Encapsulation

A

A process performed by a VPN service that protects your data by wrapping sensitive data in other data packets

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16
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

Used to transfer files from one device to another over a network

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17
Q

Firewall

A

A network security device that monitors traffic to or from your network

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18
Q

Forward proxy server

A

A server that regulates and restricts a person’s access to the
internet

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19
Q

Hardware

A

The physical components of a computer

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20
Q

Hub

A

A network device that broadcasts information to every device on the network

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21
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

An application layer protocol that provides a method of communication between clients and website servers

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22
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

A

A network protocol that provides a
secure method of communication between clients and servers

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23
Q

Identity and access management (IAM)

A

A collection of processes and technologies
that helps organizations manage digital identities in their environment

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24
Q

IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)

A

A set of standards that define communication for wireless LANs

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25
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
An internet protocol used by devices to tell each other about data transmission errors across the network
26
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood
A type of DoS attack performed by an attacker repeatedly sending ICMP request packets to a network server
27
Internet Protocol (IP)
A set of standards used for routing and addressing data packets as they travel between devices on a network
28
Internet Protocol (IP) address
A unique string of characters that identifies the location of a device on the internet
29
IP spoofing
A network attack performed when an attacker changes the source IP of a data packet to impersonate an authorized system and gain access to a network
30
Local area network (LAN)
A network that spans small areas like an office building, a school, or a home
31
Media Access Control (MAC) address
A unique alphanumeric identifier that is assigned to each physical device on a network
32
Modem
A device that connects your router to the internet and brings internet access to the LAN
33
Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
A security measure that requires a user to verify their identity in two or more ways to access a system or network
34
Network
A group of connected devices
35
Network log analysis
The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest
36
Network protocols
A set of rules used by two or more devices on a network to describe the order of delivery of data and the structure of data
37
Network segmentation
A security technique that divides the network into segments
38
Operating system (OS)
The interface between computer hardware and the user
39
Open systems interconnection (OSI) model
A standardized concept that describes the seven layers computers use to communicate and send data over the network
40
On-path attack
An attack where a malicious actor places themselves in the middle of an authorized connection and intercepts or alters the data in transit
41
Packet sniffing
The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a network
42
Passive packet sniffing
A type of attack where a malicious actor connects to a network hub and looks at all traffic on the network
43
Patch update
A software and operating system update that addresses security vulnerabilities within a program or product
44
Penetration testing
A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes
45
Ping of death
A type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64KB
46
Port
A software-based location that organizes the sending and receiving of data between devices on a network
47
Port filtering
A firewall function that blocks or allows certain port numbers to limit unwanted communication
48
Proxy server
A server that fulfills the requests of its clients by forwarding them to other servers
49
Replay attack
A network attack performed when a malicious actor intercepts a data packet in transit and delays it or repeats it at another time
50
Reverse proxy server
A server that regulates and restricts the Internet's access to an internal server
51
Router
A network device that connects multiple networks together
52
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
A secure protocol used to transfer files from one device to another over a network
53
Secure shell (SSH)
A security protocol used to create a shell with a remote system
54
Security hardening
The process of strengthening a system to reduce its vulnerabilities and attack surface
55
Security information and event management (SIEM)
An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities for an organization
56
Security zone
A segment of a company’s network that protects the internal network from the internet
57
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A network protocol used for monitoring and managing devices on a network
58
Smurf attack
A network attack performed when an attacker sniffs an authorized user’s IP address and floods it with ICMP packets
59
Speed
The rate at which a device sends and receives data, measured by bits per second
60
Stateful
A class of firewall that keeps track of information passing through it and proactively filters out threats
61
Stateless
A class of firewall that operates based on predefined rules and that does not keep track of information from data packets
62
Subnetting
The subdivision of a network into logical groups called subnets
63
Switch
A device that makes connections between specific devices on a network by sending and receiving data between them
64
Synchronize (SYN) flood attack
A type of DoS attack that simulates a TCP/IP connection and floods a server with SYN packets
65
TCP/IP Model
A framework used to visualize how data is organized and transmitted across a network
66
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
An internet communication protocol that allows two devices to form a connection and stream data
67
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 3-way handshake
A three-step process used to establish an authenticated connection between two devices on a network
68
Uncontrolled zone
The portion of the network outside the organization
69
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection between devices before transmissions
70
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A network security service that changes your public IP address and masks your virtual location so that you can keep your data private when you are using a public network like the internet
71
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network that spans a large geographic area like a city, state, or country
72
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
A wireless security protocol for devices to connect to the internet

Cyber Security (9 decks)

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