Connect and Protect: Networks and Network Security Flashcards
Active packet sniffing
A type of attack where data packets are manipulated in transit
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Used to determine the MAC address of the next router or device to traverse
Bandwidth
The maximum data transmission capacity over a network, measured by
bits per second
Baseline configuration
A documented set of specifications within a system that is used as a basis for future builds, releases, and updates
Bluetooth
Used for wireless communication with nearby physical devices
Botnet
A collection of computers infected by malware that are under the control of a
single threat actor, known as the “bot herder”
Cloud-based firewalls
Software firewalls that are hosted by the cloud service provider
Cloud computing
The practice of using remote servers, application, and network services that are hosted on the internet instead of on local physical devices
Cloud network
A collection of servers or computers that stores resources and data in remote data centers that can be accessed via the internet
Controlled zone
A subnet that protects the internal network from the uncontrolled zone
Data packet
A basic unit of information that travels from one device to another within a network
Denial of service (DoS) attack
An attack that targets a network or server and floods it with network traffic
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack
A type of denial of service attack that
uses multiple devices or servers located in different locations to flood the target
network with unwanted traffic
Domain Name System (DNS)
A networking protocol that translates internet domain names into IP addresses
Encapsulation
A process performed by a VPN service that protects your data by wrapping sensitive data in other data packets
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Used to transfer files from one device to another over a network
Firewall
A network security device that monitors traffic to or from your network
Forward proxy server
A server that regulates and restricts a person’s access to the
internet
Hardware
The physical components of a computer
Hub
A network device that broadcasts information to every device on the network
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
An application layer protocol that provides a method of communication between clients and website servers
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
A network protocol that provides a
secure method of communication between clients and servers
Identity and access management (IAM)
A collection of processes and technologies
that helps organizations manage digital identities in their environment
IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
A set of standards that define communication for wireless LANs
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
An internet protocol used by devices to
tell each other about data transmission errors across the network
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood
A type of DoS attack performed by
an attacker repeatedly sending ICMP request packets to a network server
Internet Protocol (IP)
A set of standards used for routing and addressing data packets as they travel between devices on a network
Internet Protocol (IP) address
A unique string of characters that identifies the location of a device on the internet
IP spoofing
A network attack performed when an attacker changes the source IP of a
data packet to impersonate an authorized system and gain access to a network
Local area network (LAN)
A network that spans small areas like an office building, a school, or a home
Media Access Control (MAC) address
A unique alphanumeric identifier that is
assigned to each physical device on a network
Modem
A device that connects your router to the internet and brings internet access
to the LAN
Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
A security measure that requires a user to verify their identity in two or more ways to access a system or network
Network
A group of connected devices
Network log analysis
The process of examining network logs to identify events of interest
Network protocols
A set of rules used by two or more devices on a network to describe the order of delivery of data and the structure of data
Network segmentation
A security technique that divides the network into segments
Operating system (OS)
The interface between computer hardware and the user
Open systems interconnection (OSI) model
A standardized concept that describes
the seven layers computers use to communicate and send data over the network
On-path attack
An attack where a malicious actor places themselves in the middle of an authorized connection and intercepts or alters the data in transit
Packet sniffing
The practice of capturing and inspecting data packets across a
network
Passive packet sniffing
A type of attack where a malicious actor connects to a network hub and looks at all traffic on the network
Patch update
A software and operating system update that addresses security vulnerabilities within a program or product
Penetration testing
A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes
Ping of death
A type of DoS attack caused when a hacker pings a system by sending it an oversized ICMP packet that is bigger than 64KB
Port
A software-based location that organizes the sending and receiving of data
between devices on a network
Port filtering
A firewall function that blocks or allows certain port numbers to limit unwanted communication
Proxy server
A server that fulfills the requests of its clients by forwarding them to other servers
Replay attack
A network attack performed when a malicious actor intercepts a data packet in transit and delays it or repeats it at another time
Reverse proxy server
A server that regulates and restricts the Internet’s access to an internal server
Router
A network device that connects multiple networks together
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
A secure protocol used to transfer files from one device to another over a network
Secure shell (SSH)
A security protocol used to create a shell with a remote system
Security hardening
The process of strengthening a system to reduce its vulnerabilities and attack surface
Security information and event management (SIEM)
An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities for an organization
Security zone
A segment of a company’s network that protects the internal network from the internet
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
A network protocol used for monitoring and managing devices on a network
Smurf attack
A network attack performed when an attacker sniffs an authorized user’s IP address and floods it with ICMP packets
Speed
The rate at which a device sends and receives data, measured by bits per
second
Stateful
A class of firewall that keeps track of information passing through it and
proactively filters out threats
Stateless
A class of firewall that operates based on predefined rules and that does not keep track of information from data packets
Subnetting
The subdivision of a network into logical groups called subnets
Switch
A device that makes connections between specific devices on a network by sending and receiving data between them
Synchronize (SYN) flood attack
A type of DoS attack that simulates a TCP/IP
connection and floods a server with SYN packets
TCP/IP Model
A framework used to visualize how data is organized and transmitted across a network
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
An internet communication protocol that
allows two devices to form a connection and stream data
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 3-way handshake
A three-step process used to establish an authenticated connection between two devices on a network
Uncontrolled zone
The portion of the network outside the organization
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
A connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection between devices before transmissions
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A network security service that changes your public IP address and masks your virtual location so that you can keep your data private when you are using a public network like the internet
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network that spans a large geographic area like a city, state, or country
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
A wireless security protocol for devices to connect to the internet
