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Ocular Block 6 > Conjunctiva > Flashcards

Conjunctiva Flashcards

1
Q

A thin, translucent mucous membrane that runs from the limbus, over the anterior sclera, forms a cul-de-sac at the superior and inferior cornices, and turns anteriorly to line the eyelids

A

Conjuctiva

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2
Q

Functions of conjunctiva

A
  • Ensures smooth movement of the eyelids over the globe
  • helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears. It produces a smaller volume of tears than the lacrimal gland
  • contributes to immune system and helps prevent microbes from entering the eye
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3
Q

Conjunctiva helps lubricate the eye by producing ___________

A

Mucus and tears

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4
Q

What happens when goblet cells are damaged?

A

They do not regenerate, get dry eye

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5
Q

Composition of the conj

A

Non-keratinized, both stratified squamous and stratified columnar epithelium, with interspersed goblet cells

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6
Q

What does the epithelial layer of the conj contain

A

Blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and lymphatic channels

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7
Q

Accessory lacrimal glands in the conj constantly produces what

A

The aqueous portion of tears

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8
Q

What are some additional cells present in the conj epithelium include what

A

Melanocytes, T and B cell lymphocytes

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9
Q

3 segments of the conjunctiva segments

A
  1. Palpebral conjunctiva, or tarsal conjunctiva. The tissue lining the eyelids
  2. Bulbar conjunctiva covers the sclera
  3. conjunctival fornix. Cul de sac connecting palpebral and bulbar sections
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10
Q

What is scattered in the basal layer throughout the conjunctiva, but are more numerous in the fornix region

A

Conjunctiva stem cells

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11
Q

Where are the conjunctival stem cells more numerous

A

In the fornix region

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12
Q

What are the 4 conjunctival fornices

A
  • superiorly
  • inferiorly
  • laterally
  • medially
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13
Q

What do the fornices do for the eye

A

Ease movement of the globe without creating undue stretching the conjunctiva

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14
Q

What is the most shallow fornix?

A

Medial

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15
Q

What is the longest fornix

A

Laterally

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16
Q

How far does the lateral fornix go back

A

Goes back all the way to the equator of the globe

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17
Q

What limits the depth of the medial fornix

A

Lacrimal apparatus limits the depth here

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18
Q

Folds in the fornix

A

Lots of folds in fornices to allow eye freedom of moving around without pulling tissue around

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19
Q

At the __________ of the lid margin, the nonkeratnized squamous palpebral conjunctival epithelium is continuous with the keratinized squamous epithelium of the epidermis of the eyelid

A

Mucucutaneous junction

20
Q

What is the mucocutaneous junction

A

Point where it stops being keratnized.

21
Q

The conj forming the fornices is attached loosely to the fascia extensions of the

A

Levator, tarsal, and EOMs

22
Q

The _________ is translucent, allowing the sclera to show through, and is colorless except when its blood vessels are engorged

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

23
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva is loosely adherent to the underlying tissue up to within _______ of the cornea, where it becomes tightly adherent and merged with the underlying ____________

A

3mm

Tenon’s capsule sclera

24
Q

Mild amount of blood trapped between the bulbar conjunctiva and the underlying episclera

A

Sub conjunctival hemorrhage

25
Q

Moderate amount of blood trapped between the conj and the sclera

A

Moderate sub conjunctival hemorrhage

26
Q

What could cause severe sub conjunctival hemorrhage

A

Blood thinners

27
Q

A crescent shaped fold of conjunctiva

A

Plicae semilunaris

28
Q

Where is the plicae semilunaris

A

Located at the medial canthus

29
Q

Composition of plicae semilunaris

A

The epithelium is 8-10 cells thick and contains numerous goblet cells, and the stroma is highly vascularized, contains smooth muscle fibers

30
Q

Function of plicae semilunaris?

A

Book: allow full lateral movement of the eye without tissue stretching.

Actual: they don’t know what its for. They think its ruminant of nicitating membrane

31
Q

Why does the plicae semilunaris get inflamed and itchy

A

Tears flow over this. Anything trapped in the tears will sit on this and cause inflammation

32
Q

A mound of tissue that overlies the medial edge of the plica semilunaris

A

Caruncle

33
Q

What does the caruncle contain

A

Nonkeratinized epithelium and accessory lacrimal glands, but it also has skin elements; hair follicles and sebaceous and sweat glands

34
Q

What is likely a source for the occasional accumulation of matter in the medial canthus of the healthy eye?

A

Sebaceous glands of the caruncle

35
Q

Blood supply to the palpebral conjunctiva

A

From the palpebral arcades of the lids. They anastomose with each other on both sides of the tarsal plate

36
Q

Blood supply of the fornices

A

Branches from the palpebral arcades extend into the fornices of the lid

37
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva blood supply

A

The palpebral arcades branch yet again to create tertiary branches into the bulbar conjunctiva and anastomose with the anterior conjunctival arteries of the anterior arteries

38
Q

Conjunctival venous drainage

A

They parallel the arteries but are more numerous. They drain into the palpebral and ophthalmic veins

39
Q

Conjunctival lymphatic

A

Lateral aspect into the parotid lymph node

Medial aspect to the submandibular

40
Q

Innervation of the bulbar conjunctiva

A

Sensory innervation of this through the long ciliary nerves (V1)

41
Q

Innervation of the superior palpebral conjunctiva

A

Sensory innervation is provided by the frontal and lacrimal branches of the ophthalmic nerve (V1)

42
Q

Innervation of the inferior palpebral conjunctiva

A

Innervation provided by the lacrimal nerve and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve

43
Q

All sensory innervation from the conj is from where

A

Trigeminal nerve

44
Q

Any inflammation of the conjunctiva and can be caused by a variety of factors

A

Conjunctivitis

45
Q

What are the most common causes of conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial or viral invasion and allergic reaction

46
Q

What is the worst conjunctivitis?

A

EKC. Very contagious

47
Q

Serves as a fascia cavity within which the globe can move. It protects and supports the globe and attaches it to the orbital connective tissue

A

Tenon’s capsule

Ocular Block 6 (7 decks)

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