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Ocular Block 6 > Choroid > Flashcards

Choroid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the vascular tunic (uvea) from back to front

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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2
Q

Anterior uveitis

A

Iritis

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3
Q

Posterior uveitis

A

Choroiditis

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4
Q

The choroid extend from the ___________ to the _________

A

Ora-Serrata to the optic nerve

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5
Q

Where is the choroid located?

A

Between the sclera and the retina

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6
Q

What does the choroid provide nutrients to

A

Outer retinal layers

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7
Q

What does the choroid primarily consist of

A

Blood vessels. However, a thin connective tissue layer lies on each side of the stromal vessel layer

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8
Q

What supplies the inner retina

A

Central retinal artery and the arcades

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9
Q

The choroid is composed of a vascular layer that is bordered on both sides by a CT layer:

A
  1. Suprachoroid

2. Bruch’s membrane

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10
Q

Layers of the choroid (superficial to deep)

A
  1. Suprachoroid lamina (outer CT layer)
  2. Choroidal stroma (Biggest BC here)
  3. Choriocapillaris (caps here)
  4. Bruch’s membrane (inner layer of CT that separates choroid and retina)
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11
Q

What layer of the choroid does the long ciliary artery course through?

A

Suprachoroid lamina

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12
Q

Transverse a potential space (the suprachoroidal space or ‘perichoroidal’ space) between the sclera and the choroidal vessels

A

Suprachoroid lamina

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13
Q

What components are in the suprachorid lamina?

A

Components from both sclera (collagen bands and fibroblasts) and choroidal stroma (melanocytes)

Hybrid zones

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14
Q

The looseness of this tissue allows the vascular net to swell without causing detachment

A

Suprachoroid lamina

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15
Q

What goes through the suprachoroidal space carry

A

The long posterior ciliary arteries and nerves to front of eye

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16
Q

A pigmented, vascularized, loose connective tissue layer contains melanocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells

A

Choroidal stroma

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17
Q

Collagen fibrils of the choroidal stroma

A

Arranged circularly around. The vessels (branches of the short posterior ciliary arteries)

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18
Q

How are the vessels organized into tiers in choroidal stroma from outer to inner

A
  1. Haller’s layer: larger vessels
  2. Sattler’s layer: middle layer
  3. Capillary bed
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19
Q

Venous system of the choroidal stroma

A

Large vortex veins

Choroidal veins contain no valves

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20
Q

What are the choroidal vessels innervated by

A

ANS

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21
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the choroidal vessels

A

Vasoconstriction and decreased flow

Superior cervical ganglion–carotid plexus—cavernous sinus—-through ciliary ganglion—sympathetic trunk

22
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the choroidal stroma

A

-vasodilation, increased flow.

Inferior division of CNIII via ciliary ganglion

23
Q

What does the ANS for choroidal stroma follow

A

The short ciliary nerves to enter the eye and the choroid

24
Q

What kind of neurons are in the short ciliary nerves

A

Everything but motor

25
Q

Specialized capillary bed of the choroid

A

Choriocapillaris (lamina choroidocapillaris)

26
Q

This forms a singly layer of anastomosing, fenestrated caps having a wide lumina with most of the fenestrations facing toward the retina

A

Choriocapillaris

27
Q

How much bigger are the caps of the choriocapillaris than that of normal caps?

A

3-4x

28
Q

Cell membrane of the choriocapillaris

A

Reduced single layer at the fenestrations, facilitating the movement of material through the vessel walls

29
Q

May have a contractile function and are found around the cap wall

A

Pericytes

30
Q

What do pericytes have the ability to do

A

Alter local blood flow

31
Q

Where is the choriocapillaris densest?

A

In the macular area. It is the sole blood supply for this small region of the retina

32
Q

Does the choriocapillaris continue into the ciliary body

A

No. It is unique to the choroid, does not continue into the ciliary body

33
Q

Where does the macula get its sole blood supply?

A

Choriocapillaris

34
Q

The innermost layer of the choroid

A

Bruch’s membrane

35
Q

What part of the choroid fuses with retina

A

Bruch’s membrane

36
Q

How does Bruch’s membrane run

A

From the optic nerve to the ora-serrata

37
Q

Composition of Bruch’s membrnae

A

Multilaminated sheet containing a center layer of elastic fibers.

38
Q

What are the layers from outer to inner (superficial to deep) for Bruch’s membrane

A
  1. Interrupted basement membrane of the choriocapillaris
  2. Outer callagnous zone
  3. Elastic layer
  4. Inner collagenous zone
  5. Basement membrane of the RPE cells
39
Q

Fine filaments from the basement membrane of the RPE merge with what

A

The fibrils of the inner collagenous Zeno, contributing to the tight adhesion between choroid and the outer, pigmented layer of the retina

40
Q

Where does Bruch’s membrane stop

A

At the Ora-Serrata

41
Q

What is the basement membrane of the RPE continuous with at the ora-serrata

A

Basement membrane of the pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body

42
Q

The collagenous and elastic layers disappear into the ciliary stroma, and the basement membrane of the choriocapillaries continues as the what

A

Basement membrane of the ciliary body capillaries

43
Q

Functions of the vascular choroid

A
  1. Provides nutrients to the outer retina
  2. Absorbs excess light
  3. Pathway for the posterior vessels and nerves that supply the anterior segment
44
Q

The short posterior ciliary arteries enter the globe in a

A

Globe around the optic nerve, and branches form the choroidal vessels

45
Q

Venous return for most of the uvea

A

Vortex veins

46
Q

Sensory innervation of the uvea

A

Nasociliary branch from CNV

47
Q

What innervates the choroidal blood vessels

A

Sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion via the ophthalmic and short ciliary nerves

48
Q

What innervates the iris dilator and ciliary muscles?

A

Sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion via the long ciliary nerves

49
Q

What innervates the ciliary muscle, the iris sphincter muscle, and the choroidal vessels?

A

Parasympathetic fibers from the ciliary ganglion

50
Q

With aging, excessive basement membrane material is deposited in the collagenous zones of Bruch’s membrane. These deposits called ________ can be seen as small, pin-head-sized, yellow-white spots in the fundus.

A

Druses

51
Q

What does druses contain

A

Cellular fragments and an accumulation of basal laminar material

52
Q

How do the druses sit in the retina

A

They are located outer to the RPE basement membrane ad displace the retina inward

Ocular Block 6 (7 decks)

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