Congestive heart failure Flashcards
What is a simple definition for heart failure
When the heart cannot supply enough blood to the body
What is systolic heart failure
When the heart can’t pump hard enough
What is diastolic heart failure
When the heart can’t fill enough
What two heart problems often lead to congestive heart failure
Ischaemia and valvular disease
What is the formula for cardiac output involving stroke volume and heart rate
CO=HRxSV
What is the normal of percentage of blood that is pumped from the preload
50-70%
What percentage of blood pumped from preload counts for systolic heart failure
Less than 40%
What are numbers for preload, stroke volume and ejection fraction
SV=low, preload=low and ejection fraction=low
Examples of causes of systolic heart failure
Ischaemic heart disease, long standing hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy
Most common cause of systolic heart failure
Ischaemic heart disease
Examples of causes of diastolic heart failure
Long standing hypertenstion, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy
Is systolic or diastolic the most common heart failure
Systolic
Symptoms of left sided heart failure
Dyspnoea, orthopnoea and crackles.
What are hemosiderin-laden cells
Heart failure cells. Macrophages that eat up red blood cells (due to rupture) in alveoli and become brown due to iron
Treatment for left sided heart failure
ACEi and loop diuretics
